Ultrafast Opto-Electronic and Thermal Tuning of Third-Harmonic Generation in a Graphene Field Effect Transistor

Omid Ghaebi, Sebastian Klimmer, Nele Tornow, Niels Buijssen, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, Andrea Tomadin, Habib Rostami, Giancarlo Soavi

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

1 Citation (SciVal)

Abstract

Graphene is a unique platform for tunable opto-electronic applications thanks to its linear band dispersion, which allows electrical control of resonant light-matter interactions. Tuning the nonlinear optical response of graphene is possible both electrically and in an all-optical fashion, but each approach involves a trade-off between speed and modulation depth. Here, lattice temperature, electron doping, and all-optical tuning of third-harmonic generation are combined in a hexagonal boron nitride-encapsulated graphene opto-electronic device and demonstrate up to 85% modulation depth along with gate-tunable ultrafast dynamics. These results arise from the dynamic changes in the transient electronic temperature combined with Pauli blocking induced by the out-of-equilibrium chemical potential. The work provides a detailed description of the transient nonlinear optical and electronic response of graphene, which is crucial for the design of nanoscale and ultrafast optical modulators, detectors, and frequency converters.

Original languageEnglish
Article number2401840
JournalAdvanced Science
Volume11
Issue number31
Early online date18 Jun 2024
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 21 Aug 2024

Data Availability Statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the cor-responding author upon reasonable request

Funding

A.T. acknowledged the \u201CNational Centre for HPC, Big Data and Quantum Computing\u201D, under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), Mission 4 Component 2 Investment 1.4 funded from the European Union \u2010 NextGenerationEU. H.R. acknowledged the support from the Swedish Research Council (VR Starting Grant no. 2018\u201004252). K.W. and T.T. acknowledged support from the JSPS KAKENHI (Grant Numbers 21H05233 and 23H02052) and World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), MEXT, Japan. G.S. acknowledged the German Research Foundation DFG (CRC 1375 NOA), project number 398816777 (subproject C4) and the International Research Training Group (IRTG) 2675 \u201CMeta\u2010Active\u201D, project number 437527638 (subproject A4).

FundersFunder number
National Recovery and Resilience Plan
European Commission
National Centre for HPC
World Premier International Research Center Initiative
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science21H05233, 23H02052
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Vetenskapsrådet2018‐04252
Vetenskapsrådet
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft398816777, 437527638, CRC 1375 NOA
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

Keywords

  • all-optical THG modulation
  • electrically tunable THG
  • graphene
  • nonlinear optics

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Medicine (miscellaneous)
  • General Chemical Engineering
  • General Materials Science
  • Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous)
  • General Engineering
  • General Physics and Astronomy

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