Abstract
The transient response of antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW) vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) is analyzed. It is found that under current modulation, the radiation loss of the transverse-leaky mode decreases during the 〈ON〉 state of the lasers but increases during the 〈OFF〉 state. Numerical analysis shows that this variation in radiation loss is due to the carrier-induced refractive-index depression that arises from spatial-hole-burning of carrier concentration. It is noted that the increment in radiation loss during the 〈OFF〉 state can be used to prevent net modal gain of the transverse-leaky mode from reacquiring threshold after turn-off. Hence, a new method to design ARROW, based on the variation in radiation loss, is proposed to eliminate the excitation of secondary pulsation in VCSELs. The influence of thermal lensing effects on the excitation of secondary pulsation during the 〈 OFF〉 state of the lasers is also investigated.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 140-147 |
Number of pages | 8 |
Journal | IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics |
Volume | 41 |
Issue number | 2 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Feb 2005 |
Funding
Manuscript received May 27, 2004; revised September 10, 2004. The work of C. W. Tee is supported by Cambridge Commonwealth Trust. C. W. Tee, R. V. Penty, and I. H. White are with the Center for Photonic Systems, Cambridge University Engineering Department, Cambridge CB3 0FD, U.K. (e-mail: [email protected]). S. F. Yu is with the School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798. Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/JQE.2004.839713
Keywords
- Antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW)
- Radiation loss
- Secondary pulsation
- Semiconductor laser modeling
- Spatial hole burning
- Turn-off transients
- Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs)
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering