Threats Against Satellite Ground Infrastructure: A retrospective analysis of sophisticated attacks

Satellite services are vital for many types of critical infrastructure, including electricity, finance and transportation. Sophisticated attackers therefore may target satellites, in order to create widespread disruption. The ground infrastructure of satellite systems offers attackers direct access to satellite systems, as this is where satellites are operated and monitored. We investigate the tactics and technology utilised by attackers of satellite ground systems, through analysis of previous attacks conducted against satellite ground infrastructure. Through this investigation, we contribute to growing literature surrounding cyber attacks against satellite systems, by providing empirical analysis of techniques and tactics used to attack ground infrastructure. Analysis of attack cases is presented, and then we discuss key findings and implications for future research.