The T-A formulation: an efficient approach to model the macroscopic electromagnetic behaviour of HTS coated conductor applications

Felix Huber, Wenjuan Song, Min Zhang, Francesco Grilli

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

74 Citations (SciVal)

Abstract

In recent years, the T-A formulation has emerged as an efficient approach for modelling the electromagnetic behaviour of high-temperature superconductor (HTS) tapes in the form of coated conductors (CCs). HTS CCs are characterized by an extremely large width-to-thickness ratio of the superconducting layer, normally up to 1000 ∼6000, which in general leads to a very large number of degrees of freedom. The T-A formulation considers the superconducting layer to be infinitely thin. The magnetic vector potential A is used to calculate the magnetic field distribution in all simulated domains. The current vector potential T is used to calculate the current density in the superconducting layer, which is a material simulated with a highly nonlinear power-law resistivity. This article presents a review of the T-A formulation. First, the governing equations are described in detail for different cases (2D and 3D, cartesian and cylindrical coordinates). Then, the literature on the implementation of T-A formulation for simulating applications ranging from simple tape assemblies to high field magnets is reviewed. Advantages and disadvantages of this approach are also discussed.

Original languageEnglish
Article number043003
JournalSuperconductor Science and Technology
Volume35
Issue number4
Early online date2 Feb 2022
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Apr 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work was supported by the COST Action CA19108 ‘High-Temperature SuperConductivity for AcceLerating the Energy Transition’ (Hi-SCALE).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.

Keywords

  • HTS modelling
  • T-A formulation
  • electromagnetic behaviour
  • large-scale application

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Ceramics and Composites
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Metals and Alloys
  • Electrical and Electronic Engineering
  • Materials Chemistry

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