Abstract
Children, as well as adults, often imitate causally unnecessary actions. Three experiments investigated whether such “over-imitation” occurs because these actions are interpreted as performed for the movement's sake (i.e., having a “movement-based” goal). Experiment 1 (N = 30, 2–5-year-olds) replicated previous findings; children imitated actions with no goal more precisely than actions with external goals. Experiment 2 (N = 58, 2–5-year-olds) confirmed that the difference between these conditions was not due to the absence/presence of external goals but rather was also found when actions brought about external goals in a clearly inefficient way. Experiment 3 (N = 36, 3–5-year-olds) controlled for the possibility that imitation fidelity was affected by the number of actions and objects present during the demonstration and confirmed that identical actions were imitated more precisely when they appeared to be more inefficient toward an external goal. Our findings suggest that movement-based goal inference encourages over-imitation.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 104713 |
Journal | Journal of Experimental Child Psychology |
Volume | 190 |
Early online date | 11 Nov 2019 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Feb 2020 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:We thank the children who participated in this study, their parents, and the nursery staff involved. We also thank Laura Maguire for her help with data collection. This research was made possible thanks to a Ph.D. studentship attributed to the first author from the University of Stirling . In addition, the third author was supported by a European Research Council grant ( 648841 RATCHETCOG ). Appendix A
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Elsevier Inc.
Funding
We thank the children who participated in this study, their parents, and the nursery staff involved. We also thank Laura Maguire for her help with data collection. This research was made possible thanks to a Ph.D. studentship attributed to the first author from the University of Stirling . In addition, the third author was supported by a European Research Council grant ( 648841 RATCHETCOG ). Appendix A
Keywords
- Action understanding
- Children
- Context
- Goal inference
- Imitation
- Intention
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
- Developmental and Educational Psychology