TY - JOUR
T1 - The neuropsychopharmacology of cannabis:
T2 - a review of human imaging studies
AU - Bloomfield, Michael A P
AU - Hindocha, Chandni
AU - Green, Sebastian F
AU - Wall, Matthew B
AU - Lees, Rachel
AU - Petrilli, Katherine
AU - Costello, Harry
AU - Olabisi Ogunbiyi, M
AU - Bossong, Matthijs G
AU - Freeman, Tom P
N1 - Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
PY - 2019/3/1
Y1 - 2019/3/1
N2 - The laws governing cannabis are evolving worldwide and associated with changing patterns of use. The main psychoactive drug in cannabis is Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a partial agonist at the endocannabinoid CB1 receptor. Acutely, cannabis and THC produce a range of effects on several neurocognitive and pharmacological systems. These include effects on executive, emotional, reward and memory processing via direct interactions with the endocannabinoid system and indirect effects on the glutamatergic, GABAergic and dopaminergic systems. Cannabidiol, a non-intoxicating cannabinoid found in some forms of cannabis, may offset some of these acute effects. Heavy repeated cannabis use, particularly during adolescence, has been associated with adverse effects on these systems, which increase the risk of mental illnesses including addiction and psychosis. Here, we provide a comprehensive state of the art review on the acute and chronic neuropsychopharmacology of cannabis by synthesizing the available neuroimaging research in humans. We describe the effects of drug exposure during development, implications for understanding psychosis and cannabis use disorder, and methodological considerations. Greater understanding of the precise mechanisms underlying the effects of cannabis may also give rise to new treatment targets.
AB - The laws governing cannabis are evolving worldwide and associated with changing patterns of use. The main psychoactive drug in cannabis is Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a partial agonist at the endocannabinoid CB1 receptor. Acutely, cannabis and THC produce a range of effects on several neurocognitive and pharmacological systems. These include effects on executive, emotional, reward and memory processing via direct interactions with the endocannabinoid system and indirect effects on the glutamatergic, GABAergic and dopaminergic systems. Cannabidiol, a non-intoxicating cannabinoid found in some forms of cannabis, may offset some of these acute effects. Heavy repeated cannabis use, particularly during adolescence, has been associated with adverse effects on these systems, which increase the risk of mental illnesses including addiction and psychosis. Here, we provide a comprehensive state of the art review on the acute and chronic neuropsychopharmacology of cannabis by synthesizing the available neuroimaging research in humans. We describe the effects of drug exposure during development, implications for understanding psychosis and cannabis use disorder, and methodological considerations. Greater understanding of the precise mechanisms underlying the effects of cannabis may also give rise to new treatment targets.
KW - Addiction
KW - Cannabis
KW - Cognition
KW - Development
KW - Neuroimaging
KW - Psychosis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85056409389&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.10.006
DO - 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.10.006
M3 - Review article
C2 - 30347211
VL - 195
SP - 132
EP - 161
JO - Pharmacology and Therapeutics
JF - Pharmacology and Therapeutics
SN - 0163-7258
ER -
