The measurement of habit

In this chapter, we put forth a theory-based set of criteria for a ‘good’ habit measure, encompassing predictive validity, discriminant validity, convergent validity, and reliability. We apply these criteria to evaluate prevalent measures of habit including past behaviour, frequency in context measures, and the Self-Report Habit Index and its derivatives (the Habit Index of Negative Thinking, and the Self-Report Behavioral Automaticity Index). We outline why implicit measures offer a potentially promising area for habit measurement research. Additionally, we highlight controversies in the habit domain, including the importance of distinguishing habit from behaviour and whether people can self-report habit. We conclude that the most appropriate habit measure is one that most aligns with the theoretical framework, research question, and logistical elements of the study.