The influence of referees' expertise, gender, motivation, and time constraints on decisional bias against women

Nicolas Souchon, Andrew G. Livingstone, Gregory R. Maio

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

8 Citations (SciVal)

Abstract

The influence of player gender on referees' decision making was experimentally investigated. In Experiment 1, including 145 male handball referees, we investigated (a) the influence of referees' level of expertise on their decisional biases against women and (b) the referees' gender stereotypes. Results revealed that biases against women were powerful regardless of the referees' level of expertise and that male referees' stereotype toward female players tends to be negative. In Experiment 2, including 115 sport science students, we examined the influence of the participants' gender, motivation to control bias, and time constraints on gender bias. Results indicated that participants' gender had no impact on gender bias and that participants were able to reduce this bias in conditions in which they were motivated to control the bias.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)585-599
Number of pages15
JournalJournal of Sport and Exercise Psychology
Volume35
Issue number6
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Dec 2013

Keywords

  • Gender stereotype
  • Judgmental heuristics
  • Player gender
  • Refereeing
  • Sport psychology

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Applied Psychology

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