The effect of structural changes on the low strain rate behaviour of the intervertebral disc

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

The annuus fibrosus (AF) and nucleus pulposus (NP) of the intervertebral disc (IVD) work in conjunction to dissipate spinal loads. In this study we have isolated the contribution of the NP to the overall response of the disc and investigated the effect of extreme structural changes to the disc on the mechanical behaviour. Linear stiffness, overall load range, hysteresis area and total energy were used to evaluate the impact of these changes on the spine and surrounding structures. Six porcine lumbar isolated disc specimens were tested in 6 DOFs with a 400 N compressive axial preload at low strain rates in three conditions: intact (IN), after total nucleotomy (NN), and after the injection of bone cement into the nuclear void (SN). The latter two conditions, NN and SN, were chosen to emulate the effect of extreme changes to the NP on disc behaviour. When comparing with intact specimens, significant changes were noted primarily in axial compression-extension, mediolateral bending, and flexion-extension. NN and SN cases demonstrated significant increases in linear stiffness, overall load range and total energy for mediolateral bending, and flexion-extension compared to the intact (IN) state. SN also demonstrated a significant increase in total energy for axial compression-extension, and significant decreases in the elastic contribution to total energy in all axes except flexion-extension. These changes to total energy indicate that surrounding spinal structures would incur additional loading to produce the same motion in vivo after structural changes to the disc.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)851-864
Number of pages14
JournalProceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine
Volume238
Issue number8-9
Early online date24 Aug 2024
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 30 Sept 2024

Funding

Enid Linder Foundation funded PhD studentship

Keywords

  • Biomechanical testing/analysis
  • dynamics [biomechanics]
  • intervertebral disc
  • joint biomechanics
  • spine biomechanics

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Mechanical Engineering

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