Synthesis of amides from acid chlorides and amines in the bio-based solvent Cyrene™

Thomas W. Bousfield, Katharine P. R. Pearce, Simbarashe B. Nyamini, Athanasios Angelis-Dimakis, Jason Camp

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88 Citations (SciVal)
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Abstract

Cyrene™ as a bio-alternative dipolar aprotic solvent: a waste minimizing and molar efficient protocol for the synthesis of amides from acid chlorides and primary amines in the bio-available solvent Cyrene™ is disclosed. This protocol removed the use of toxic solvents, such as dimethylformamide and dichloromethane. A simple aqueous work-up procedure for the removal of the high boiling solvent Cyrene™ resulted in up to a 55-fold increase in molar efficiency (Mol E.%) versus standard operating procedures. In order to rapidly compare the molar efficiency of this process against other methodologies an Excel based Mol. E% calculator was developed that automates many of the calculations. An investigation into the hydration of Cyrene™ found that it readily hydrates to form a geminal diol in the presence of water and that this process is exothermic.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)3675-3681
Number of pages7
JournalGreen Chemistry
Volume21
Issue number13
Early online date17 Jun 2019
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 7 Jul 2019

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Pollution

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