Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) can be used therapeutically to treat a wide range of neuromuscular and neurological conditions. A collection of natural BoNT variants exists which can be classified into serologically distinct serotypes (BoNT/B), and further divided into subtypes (BoNT/B1, B2,...). BoNT subtypes share a high degree of sequence identity within the same serotype yet can display large variation in toxicity. One such example is BoNT/B2, which was isolated from Clostridium botulinum strain 111 in a clinical case of botulism, and presents a 10-fold lower toxicity than BoNT/B1. In an effort to understand the molecular mechanisms behind this difference in potency, we here present the crystal structures of BoNT/B2 in complex with the ganglioside receptor GD1a, and with the human synaptotagmin I protein receptor. We show, using receptor-binding assays, that BoNT/B2 has a slightly higher affinity for GD1a than BoNT/B1, and confirm its considerably weaker affinity for its protein receptors. Although the overall receptor-binding mechanism is conserved for both receptors, structural analysis suggests the lower affinity of BoNT/B2 is the result of key substitutions, where hydrophobic interactions important for synaptotagmin-binding are replaced by polar residues. This study provides a template to drive the development of future BoNT therapeutic molecules centered on assessing the natural subtype variations in receptor-binding that appears to be one of the principal stages driving toxicity.
Original language | English |
---|---|
Article number | 603 |
Journal | Toxins |
Volume | 12 |
Issue number | 9 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 17 Sept 2020 |
Funding
Funding: This work was supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council (2018-03406) and the Swedish Cancer Society (CAN 2017/716) to P.S.
Keywords
- BoNT/B
- Botulinum neurotoxin
- Botulism
- Clostridium botulinum
- Ganglioside
- Synaptotagmin
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Toxicology
- Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis