Stratospheric Gravity Waves as a Proxy for Hurricane Intensification: A Case Study of Weather Research and Forecast Simulation for Hurricane Joaquin

Xue Wu; Lars Hoffmann; Corwin J. Wright; Neil P. Hindley; Silvio Kalisch; M. Joan Alexander; Yinan Wang

doi:10.1029/2021GL097010

Stratospheric Gravity Waves as a Proxy for Hurricane Intensification: A Case Study of Weather Research and Forecast Simulation for Hurricane Joaquin

Xue Wu, Lars Hoffmann, Corwin J. Wright, Neil P. Hindley, Silvio Kalisch, M. Joan Alexander, Yinan Wang

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Abstract

We conducted simulations with a 4-km resolution for Hurricane Joaquin in 2015 using the weather research and forecast (WRF) model. The model data are used to study stratospheric gravity waves (GWs) generated by the hurricane and how they correlate with hurricane intensity. The simulation results show spiral GWs propagating upward and anticlockwise away from the hurricane center. GWs with vertical wavelengths up to 14 km are generated. We find that GW activity is more frequent and intense during hurricane intensification than during weakening, particularly for the most intense GW activity. There are significant correlations between the change of stratospheric GW intensity and hurricane intensity. Therefore, the emergence of intensive stratospheric GW activity may be considered a useful proxy for identifying hurricane intensification.

Original language	English
Article number	e2021GL097010
Journal	Geophysical Research Letters
Volume	49
Issue number	1
Early online date	22 Dec 2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL097010
Publication status	Published - 16 Jan 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
X. Wu is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant no. 41975049 and no. 41861134034, and Ground-based Space Environment Comprehensive Monitoring Network (the Chinese Meridian Project II): The Extended Atmospheric Profiling Synthetic Observation System (Tibetan Branch). C. J. Wright and N. P. Hindley are supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) under grant numbers NE/R001391/1 and NE/S00985X/1. C. J. Wright is also supported by a Royal Society University Research Fellowship under grant number UF160545. M. J. Alexander was supported by NSF grant number 1829373. Y. Wang is supported by the second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program under grant number 2019QZKK0604 and Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of CAS under grant number QYZDY-SSW-DQC027. We thank Dr. K. Görgen from Forschungszentrum Jülich, Dr. J. F. Wu from the University of Science and Technology of China, and Dr. D. Chen from Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology for helpful discussion regarding the WRF model configuration.

Funding Information:
X. Wu is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant no. 41975049 and no. 41861134034, and Ground‐based Space Environment Comprehensive Monitoring Network (the Chinese Meridian Project II): The Extended Atmospheric Profiling Synthetic Observation System (Tibetan Branch). C. J. Wright and N. P. Hindley are supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) under grant numbers NE/R001391/1 and NE/S00985X/1. C. J. Wright is also supported by a Royal Society University Research Fellowship under grant number UF160545. M. J. Alexander was supported by NSF grant number 1829373. Y. Wang is supported by the second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program under grant number 2019QZKK0604 and Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of CAS under grant number QYZDY‐SSW‐DQC027. We thank Dr. K. Görgen from Forschungszentrum Jülich, Dr. J. F. Wu from the University of Science and Technology of China, and Dr. D. Chen from Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology for helpful discussion regarding the WRF model configuration.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.

Keywords

mesoscale model simulation
stratospheric gravity wave
tropical cyclone intensification

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Geophysics
General Earth and Planetary Sciences

Access to Document

10.1029/2021GL097010

Wu_et_al-revised-clean.PDF
This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Wu, X., Hoffmann, L., Wright, C. J., Hindley, N. P., Kalisch, S., Alexander, M. J., & Wang, Y. (2022). Stratospheric gravity waves as a proxy for Hurricane intensification: A case study of weather research and forecast simulation for Hurricane Joaquin. Geophysical Research Letters, 49, e2021GL097010., which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL097010. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified.
Accepted author manuscript, 1.48 MB

Cite this

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title = "Stratospheric Gravity Waves as a Proxy for Hurricane Intensification: A Case Study of Weather Research and Forecast Simulation for Hurricane Joaquin",

abstract = "We conducted simulations with a 4-km resolution for Hurricane Joaquin in 2015 using the weather research and forecast (WRF) model. The model data are used to study stratospheric gravity waves (GWs) generated by the hurricane and how they correlate with hurricane intensity. The simulation results show spiral GWs propagating upward and anticlockwise away from the hurricane center. GWs with vertical wavelengths up to 14 km are generated. We find that GW activity is more frequent and intense during hurricane intensification than during weakening, particularly for the most intense GW activity. There are significant correlations between the change of stratospheric GW intensity and hurricane intensity. Therefore, the emergence of intensive stratospheric GW activity may be considered a useful proxy for identifying hurricane intensification.",

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note = "Funding Information: X. Wu is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant no. 41975049 and no. 41861134034, and Ground-based Space Environment Comprehensive Monitoring Network (the Chinese Meridian Project II): The Extended Atmospheric Profiling Synthetic Observation System (Tibetan Branch). C. J. Wright and N. P. Hindley are supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) under grant numbers NE/R001391/1 and NE/S00985X/1. C. J. Wright is also supported by a Royal Society University Research Fellowship under grant number UF160545. M. J. Alexander was supported by NSF grant number 1829373. Y. Wang is supported by the second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program under grant number 2019QZKK0604 and Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of CAS under grant number QYZDY-SSW-DQC027. We thank Dr. K. G{\"o}rgen from Forschungszentrum J{\"u}lich, Dr. J. F. Wu from the University of Science and Technology of China, and Dr. D. Chen from Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology for helpful discussion regarding the WRF model configuration. Funding Information: X. Wu is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant no. 41975049 and no. 41861134034, and Ground‐based Space Environment Comprehensive Monitoring Network (the Chinese Meridian Project II): The Extended Atmospheric Profiling Synthetic Observation System (Tibetan Branch). C. J. Wright and N. P. Hindley are supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) under grant numbers NE/R001391/1 and NE/S00985X/1. C. J. Wright is also supported by a Royal Society University Research Fellowship under grant number UF160545. M. J. Alexander was supported by NSF grant number 1829373. Y. Wang is supported by the second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program under grant number 2019QZKK0604 and Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of CAS under grant number QYZDY‐SSW‐DQC027. We thank Dr. K. G{\"o}rgen from Forschungszentrum J{\"u}lich, Dr. J. F. Wu from the University of Science and Technology of China, and Dr. D. Chen from Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology for helpful discussion regarding the WRF model configuration. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.",

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N1 - Funding Information: X. Wu is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant no. 41975049 and no. 41861134034, and Ground-based Space Environment Comprehensive Monitoring Network (the Chinese Meridian Project II): The Extended Atmospheric Profiling Synthetic Observation System (Tibetan Branch). C. J. Wright and N. P. Hindley are supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) under grant numbers NE/R001391/1 and NE/S00985X/1. C. J. Wright is also supported by a Royal Society University Research Fellowship under grant number UF160545. M. J. Alexander was supported by NSF grant number 1829373. Y. Wang is supported by the second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program under grant number 2019QZKK0604 and Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of CAS under grant number QYZDY-SSW-DQC027. We thank Dr. K. Görgen from Forschungszentrum Jülich, Dr. J. F. Wu from the University of Science and Technology of China, and Dr. D. Chen from Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology for helpful discussion regarding the WRF model configuration. Funding Information: X. Wu is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant no. 41975049 and no. 41861134034, and Ground‐based Space Environment Comprehensive Monitoring Network (the Chinese Meridian Project II): The Extended Atmospheric Profiling Synthetic Observation System (Tibetan Branch). C. J. Wright and N. P. Hindley are supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) under grant numbers NE/R001391/1 and NE/S00985X/1. C. J. Wright is also supported by a Royal Society University Research Fellowship under grant number UF160545. M. J. Alexander was supported by NSF grant number 1829373. Y. Wang is supported by the second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program under grant number 2019QZKK0604 and Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of CAS under grant number QYZDY‐SSW‐DQC027. We thank Dr. K. Görgen from Forschungszentrum Jülich, Dr. J. F. Wu from the University of Science and Technology of China, and Dr. D. Chen from Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology for helpful discussion regarding the WRF model configuration. Publisher Copyright: © 2021. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.

PY - 2022/1/16

Y1 - 2022/1/16

N2 - We conducted simulations with a 4-km resolution for Hurricane Joaquin in 2015 using the weather research and forecast (WRF) model. The model data are used to study stratospheric gravity waves (GWs) generated by the hurricane and how they correlate with hurricane intensity. The simulation results show spiral GWs propagating upward and anticlockwise away from the hurricane center. GWs with vertical wavelengths up to 14 km are generated. We find that GW activity is more frequent and intense during hurricane intensification than during weakening, particularly for the most intense GW activity. There are significant correlations between the change of stratospheric GW intensity and hurricane intensity. Therefore, the emergence of intensive stratospheric GW activity may be considered a useful proxy for identifying hurricane intensification.

AB - We conducted simulations with a 4-km resolution for Hurricane Joaquin in 2015 using the weather research and forecast (WRF) model. The model data are used to study stratospheric gravity waves (GWs) generated by the hurricane and how they correlate with hurricane intensity. The simulation results show spiral GWs propagating upward and anticlockwise away from the hurricane center. GWs with vertical wavelengths up to 14 km are generated. We find that GW activity is more frequent and intense during hurricane intensification than during weakening, particularly for the most intense GW activity. There are significant correlations between the change of stratospheric GW intensity and hurricane intensity. Therefore, the emergence of intensive stratospheric GW activity may be considered a useful proxy for identifying hurricane intensification.

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JO - Geophysical Research Letters

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ER -

Stratospheric Gravity Waves as a Proxy for Hurricane Intensification: A Case Study of Weather Research and Forecast Simulation for Hurricane Joaquin

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

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Planetary and Gravity Waves as Drivers of Sudden Stratospheric Warmings

DRAGON-WEX: The Drake Passage and Southern Ocean Wave Experiment

Cite this

Stratospheric Gravity Waves as a Proxy for Hurricane Intensification: A Case Study of Weather Research and Forecast Simulation for Hurricane Joaquin

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Projects

Planetary and Gravity Waves as Drivers of Sudden Stratospheric Warmings

DRAGON-WEX: The Drake Passage and Southern Ocean Wave Experiment

Cite this