Sensitive and selective Affimer-functionalised interdigitated electrode-based capacitive biosensor for Her4 protein tumour biomarker detection

A novel Affimer-functionalised interdigitated electrode-based capacitive biosensor platform was developed for detection and estimation of Her4, a protein tumour biomarker, in undiluted serum. An anti-Her4 Affimer with a C-terminal cysteine was used to create the bio-recognition layer via self-assembly on gold interdigitated electrodes for the sensor fabrication. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in the absence of redox markers was used to evaluate the sensor performance by monitoring the changes in capacitance. The Affimer sensor in buffer and in undiluted serum demonstrated high sensitivity with a broad dynamic range from 1 pM to 100 nM and a limit of detection lower than 1 pM both in buffer and in serum. Furthermore, the Affimer sensor demonstrated excellent specificity with negligible interference from serum proteins, suggesting resilience to non-specific binding. The sensing ability of the present Affimer sensor in spiked undiluted serum suggests its potential for a new range of Affimer-based sensors. The fabricated Affimer sensor can thus be further adapted with other probes having affinities to other biomarkers for a new range of biosensors.