Self-powered cardiac pacemaker by piezoelectric polymer nanogenerator implant

Sara Azimi; Allahyar Golabchi; Abdolhossein Nekookar; Shahram Rabbani; Morteza Hassanpour Amiri; Kamal Asadi; Mohammad Mahdi Abolhasani

doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.105781

Self-powered cardiac pacemaker by piezoelectric polymer nanogenerator implant

Sara Azimi, Allahyar Golabchi, Abdolhossein Nekookar, Shahram Rabbani, Morteza Hassanpour Amiri, Kamal Asadi, Mohammad Mahdi Abolhasani

Department of Physics

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Abstract

Self-powered biomedical implants improve the life of patients and lower the risks associated with battery replacement. Piezoelectric energy harvesters that generate electricity from the cardiac motions are among the potential candidates to be used in self-powered implants, such as cardiac pacemakers. In this context, lead-based ceramic piezoelectric nanogenerators (PNGs) were emerged, which are toxic and susceptible to fatigue crack, causing harm to the patients. Polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE)-based films were also developed as cardiac energy harvesters. Here, we show a battery-free heart pacemaker that is powered by the generated electricity of a biocompatible and flexible piezoelectric polymer-based nanogenerator (PNG) from the cardiac motions of the left ventricle. The PNG is comprised of composite nanofibers of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and a hybrid nanofiller made of zinc oxide (ZnO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The composite nanofiber is optimized towards achieving a large power output. In vivo implanted optimized PNG can successfully harvest 0.487 μJ from every heartbeat, which is conveniently larger than the pacing threshold energy for the human heart. The successful demonstration of a self-powered pacemaker places the polymer-based PNGs among the viable candidates for self-powered biomedical implants.

Original language	English
Article number	105781
Journal	Nano Energy
Volume	83
Early online date	14 Jan 2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.105781
Publication status	Published - 31 May 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We thank the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research for technical support. S.A. and M.M.A. would like to thank Kashan University of Medical Sciences for the financial support provided from research project number 96175 . S.A. acknowledges Prof. Ezzat Rafiee and Dr. Elham Noori from Razi University, Iran for their helpful collaboration in synthesis of hybrid nanoparticles. M.H.A., M.M.A. and K. A. acknowledge the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for the funding provided in the framework of the Sofja Kovalevskaja Award, endowed by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany. The authors are grateful to Prof. Paul W. M. Blom from the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research for his support and the fruitful discussions.

Funding Information:
We thank the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research for technical support. S.A. and M.M.A. would like to thank Kashan University of Medical Sciences for the financial support provided from research project number 96175. S.A. acknowledges Prof. Ezzat Rafiee and Dr. Elham Noori from Razi University, Iran for their helpful collaboration in synthesis of hybrid nanoparticles. M.H.A. M.M.A. and K. A. acknowledge the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for the funding provided in the framework of the Sofja Kovalevskaja Award, endowed by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany. The authors are grateful to Prof. Paul W. M. Blom from the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research for his support and the fruitful discussions.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Ltd

Keywords

Biomechanical energy harvesting
Piezoelectric nanogenerators
PVDF composite fibers
Self-powered implantable medical electronics

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
General Materials Science
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.105781

Self-powered cardiac pacemaker by piezoelectric polymer nanogenerator implantAccepted author manuscript, 1.13 MB

Cite this

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abstract = "Self-powered biomedical implants improve the life of patients and lower the risks associated with battery replacement. Piezoelectric energy harvesters that generate electricity from the cardiac motions are among the potential candidates to be used in self-powered implants, such as cardiac pacemakers. In this context, lead-based ceramic piezoelectric nanogenerators (PNGs) were emerged, which are toxic and susceptible to fatigue crack, causing harm to the patients. Polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE)-based films were also developed as cardiac energy harvesters. Here, we show a battery-free heart pacemaker that is powered by the generated electricity of a biocompatible and flexible piezoelectric polymer-based nanogenerator (PNG) from the cardiac motions of the left ventricle. The PNG is comprised of composite nanofibers of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and a hybrid nanofiller made of zinc oxide (ZnO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The composite nanofiber is optimized towards achieving a large power output. In vivo implanted optimized PNG can successfully harvest 0.487 μJ from every heartbeat, which is conveniently larger than the pacing threshold energy for the human heart. The successful demonstration of a self-powered pacemaker places the polymer-based PNGs among the viable candidates for self-powered biomedical implants.",

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note = "Funding Information: We thank the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research for technical support. S.A. and M.M.A. would like to thank Kashan University of Medical Sciences for the financial support provided from research project number 96175 . S.A. acknowledges Prof. Ezzat Rafiee and Dr. Elham Noori from Razi University, Iran for their helpful collaboration in synthesis of hybrid nanoparticles. M.H.A., M.M.A. and K. A. acknowledge the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for the funding provided in the framework of the Sofja Kovalevskaja Award, endowed by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany. The authors are grateful to Prof. Paul W. M. Blom from the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research for his support and the fruitful discussions. Funding Information: We thank the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research for technical support. S.A. and M.M.A. would like to thank Kashan University of Medical Sciences for the financial support provided from research project number 96175. S.A. acknowledges Prof. Ezzat Rafiee and Dr. Elham Noori from Razi University, Iran for their helpful collaboration in synthesis of hybrid nanoparticles. M.H.A. M.M.A. and K. A. acknowledge the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for the funding provided in the framework of the Sofja Kovalevskaja Award, endowed by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany. The authors are grateful to Prof. Paul W. M. Blom from the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research for his support and the fruitful discussions. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Elsevier Ltd",

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AU - Asadi, Kamal

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Self-powered cardiac pacemaker by piezoelectric polymer nanogenerator implant

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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