TY - JOUR
T1 - Self-powered cardiac pacemaker by piezoelectric polymer nanogenerator implant
AU - Azimi, Sara
AU - Golabchi, Allahyar
AU - Nekookar, Abdolhossein
AU - Rabbani, Shahram
AU - Amiri, Morteza Hassanpour
AU - Asadi, Kamal
AU - Abolhasani, Mohammad Mahdi
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research for technical support. S.A. and M.M.A. would like to thank Kashan University of Medical Sciences for the financial support provided from research project number 96175 . S.A. acknowledges Prof. Ezzat Rafiee and Dr. Elham Noori from Razi University, Iran for their helpful collaboration in synthesis of hybrid nanoparticles. M.H.A., M.M.A. and K. A. acknowledge the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for the funding provided in the framework of the Sofja Kovalevskaja Award, endowed by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany. The authors are grateful to Prof. Paul W. M. Blom from the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research for his support and the fruitful discussions.
Funding Information:
We thank the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research for technical support. S.A. and M.M.A. would like to thank Kashan University of Medical Sciences for the financial support provided from research project number 96175. S.A. acknowledges Prof. Ezzat Rafiee and Dr. Elham Noori from Razi University, Iran for their helpful collaboration in synthesis of hybrid nanoparticles. M.H.A. M.M.A. and K. A. acknowledge the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for the funding provided in the framework of the Sofja Kovalevskaja Award, endowed by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany. The authors are grateful to Prof. Paul W. M. Blom from the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research for his support and the fruitful discussions.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2021/5/31
Y1 - 2021/5/31
N2 - Self-powered biomedical implants improve the life of patients and lower the risks associated with battery replacement. Piezoelectric energy harvesters that generate electricity from the cardiac motions are among the potential candidates to be used in self-powered implants, such as cardiac pacemakers. In this context, lead-based ceramic piezoelectric nanogenerators (PNGs) were emerged, which are toxic and susceptible to fatigue crack, causing harm to the patients. Polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE)-based films were also developed as cardiac energy harvesters. Here, we show a battery-free heart pacemaker that is powered by the generated electricity of a biocompatible and flexible piezoelectric polymer-based nanogenerator (PNG) from the cardiac motions of the left ventricle. The PNG is comprised of composite nanofibers of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and a hybrid nanofiller made of zinc oxide (ZnO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The composite nanofiber is optimized towards achieving a large power output. In vivo implanted optimized PNG can successfully harvest 0.487 μJ from every heartbeat, which is conveniently larger than the pacing threshold energy for the human heart. The successful demonstration of a self-powered pacemaker places the polymer-based PNGs among the viable candidates for self-powered biomedical implants.
AB - Self-powered biomedical implants improve the life of patients and lower the risks associated with battery replacement. Piezoelectric energy harvesters that generate electricity from the cardiac motions are among the potential candidates to be used in self-powered implants, such as cardiac pacemakers. In this context, lead-based ceramic piezoelectric nanogenerators (PNGs) were emerged, which are toxic and susceptible to fatigue crack, causing harm to the patients. Polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE)-based films were also developed as cardiac energy harvesters. Here, we show a battery-free heart pacemaker that is powered by the generated electricity of a biocompatible and flexible piezoelectric polymer-based nanogenerator (PNG) from the cardiac motions of the left ventricle. The PNG is comprised of composite nanofibers of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and a hybrid nanofiller made of zinc oxide (ZnO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The composite nanofiber is optimized towards achieving a large power output. In vivo implanted optimized PNG can successfully harvest 0.487 μJ from every heartbeat, which is conveniently larger than the pacing threshold energy for the human heart. The successful demonstration of a self-powered pacemaker places the polymer-based PNGs among the viable candidates for self-powered biomedical implants.
KW - Biomechanical energy harvesting
KW - Piezoelectric nanogenerators
KW - PVDF composite fibers
KW - Self-powered implantable medical electronics
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85099913549&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.105781
DO - 10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.105781
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85099913549
VL - 83
JO - Nano Energy
JF - Nano Energy
SN - 2211-2855
M1 - 105781
ER -
