Seafloor Slope Estimation and its Theoretical Accuracy in Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Sonar

Ole J. Lorentzen; Torstein O. Saebo; Andreas Austeng; Alan J. Hunter; Roy E. Hansen

doi:10.1109/TGRS.2025.3559213

Seafloor Slope Estimation and its Theoretical Accuracy in Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Sonar

Ole J. Lorentzen, Torstein O. Saebo, Andreas Austeng, Alan J. Hunter, Roy E. Hansen

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Estimating the seafloor slope from interferometric synthetic aperture sonar measurements is useful for many applications. The fundamental approach to estimating the slope in a gridded depth map is straight-forward, but its statistical accuracy is also desired. We provide expressions for the slope, incidence angle and normal vector estimates. Then, we derive the Cramér-Rao lower bounds (CRLB) of these estimates based on error propagation from the CRLBs of the depth estimates. Simulated SAS data supports our results by approaching the theoretical CRLB, and real data examples demonstrates that our results are applicable in practice.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1-16
Number of pages	16
Journal	IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing
Volume	63
Early online date	9 Apr 2025
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3559213
Publication status	E-pub ahead of print - 9 Apr 2025

Keywords

Bathymetry
Geoacoustic inversion
Geophysical measurement
Interferometry
Synthetic Aperture Sonar

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Electrical and Electronic Engineering
General Earth and Planetary Sciences

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10.1109/TGRS.2025.3559213Licence: CC BY

Cite this

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title = "Seafloor Slope Estimation and its Theoretical Accuracy in Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Sonar",

abstract = "Estimating the seafloor slope from interferometric synthetic aperture sonar measurements is useful for many applications. The fundamental approach to estimating the slope in a gridded depth map is straight-forward, but its statistical accuracy is also desired. We provide expressions for the slope, incidence angle and normal vector estimates. Then, we derive the Cram{\'e}r-Rao lower bounds (CRLB) of these estimates based on error propagation from the CRLBs of the depth estimates. Simulated SAS data supports our results by approaching the theoretical CRLB, and real data examples demonstrates that our results are applicable in practice.",

keywords = "Bathymetry, Geoacoustic inversion, Geophysical measurement, Interferometry, Synthetic Aperture Sonar",

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T1 - Seafloor Slope Estimation and its Theoretical Accuracy in Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Sonar

AU - Lorentzen, Ole J.

AU - Saebo, Torstein O.

AU - Austeng, Andreas

AU - Hunter, Alan J.

AU - Hansen, Roy E.

PY - 2025/4/9

Y1 - 2025/4/9

N2 - Estimating the seafloor slope from interferometric synthetic aperture sonar measurements is useful for many applications. The fundamental approach to estimating the slope in a gridded depth map is straight-forward, but its statistical accuracy is also desired. We provide expressions for the slope, incidence angle and normal vector estimates. Then, we derive the Cramér-Rao lower bounds (CRLB) of these estimates based on error propagation from the CRLBs of the depth estimates. Simulated SAS data supports our results by approaching the theoretical CRLB, and real data examples demonstrates that our results are applicable in practice.

AB - Estimating the seafloor slope from interferometric synthetic aperture sonar measurements is useful for many applications. The fundamental approach to estimating the slope in a gridded depth map is straight-forward, but its statistical accuracy is also desired. We provide expressions for the slope, incidence angle and normal vector estimates. Then, we derive the Cramér-Rao lower bounds (CRLB) of these estimates based on error propagation from the CRLBs of the depth estimates. Simulated SAS data supports our results by approaching the theoretical CRLB, and real data examples demonstrates that our results are applicable in practice.

KW - Bathymetry

KW - Geoacoustic inversion

KW - Geophysical measurement

KW - Interferometry

KW - Synthetic Aperture Sonar

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M3 - Article

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SN - 0196-2892

VL - 63

SP - 1

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JO - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing

JF - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing

ER -

Seafloor Slope Estimation and its Theoretical Accuracy in Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Sonar

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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