Redox Cycling Technologies for Point-of-Care Immunodiagnostics in Various Matrices

The major challenge faced by point-of-care analysis is a requirement to implement complex analytical techniques into cost-effective know-hows. This is predominantly true for nations with underdeveloped health care infrastructure. The incorporation of a simple as well as dependable biosensing approach to a reasonably priced platform is a challenging task. Here we focus on presenting the recent advances in redox cycling technologies in various matrices, with particular focus on uncomplicated, portable, cost-effective, integrated immunosensors which could be operated for usages in bedside diagnostics. The key immunosensing approaches miniaturized the integrated sensor devices that can be used for the early stage disease biomarkers detection are presented, followed by a more sophisticated, low-cost, mass producible platform: That of printed circuit board (PCB), building on this large industrial base already in place and ready to uptake new innovations that will enable the opening of Point-of-Care (PoC) diagnostics market.