Recent advancements in nano-lubrication strategies for machining processes considering their health and environmental impacts

Industries have been seeking an efficient lubrication system that meets the requirement of sustainability without compromising manufacturing efficiency or final part quality. Conventional cutting fluids have been recognized as hazardous to the environment, health and economy of industries. The nano lubrication strategy has emerged as a sustainable and power-efficient lubrication system with encouraging performance in machining processes. This paper encapsulates an overview of the impact regarding usage of nanofluid as a cutting fluid in different machining processes. The recent innovations in the past decade, altered nano lubrication systems have been briefly summarized. A state of art review commences with a short synopsis of the historic perspective followed by a summary of the impact of nanofluid on different machining processes. The discussion section has been bifurcated according to the characterization of machining performance metrics. The environmental and health issues that emerged with the use of nanofluid are then discoursed thoroughly. Finally, the major findings are summarized and the future scope of research is identified. It can be quantified that the implementation of a nano lubrication system can significantly improve the heat transfer characteristic of base fluid which ultimately leads to the functionally tremendous product. However, there are major unknowns related to the health and environmental impact of nanoparticles.