TY - JOUR
T1 - Protein transduction domains
T2 - Are they delivering?
AU - Green, Isabelle
AU - Christison, Richard
AU - Voyce, Catherine J.
AU - Bundell, Ken R.
AU - Lindsay, Mark A.
PY - 2003/5/1
Y1 - 2003/5/1
N2 - Early studies with protein transduction domains (PTDs), such as those derived from Tat and Drosophila Antennapedia, showed rapid, receptor- and endosomal-independent uptake of conjugated biological tools into all cell types. However, recent mechanistic studies suggest that these observations were artefacts of the positively charged nature of PTDs and that uptake is instead via electrostatic binding to the plasma membrane and subsequent endocytosis. Given these observations, we assess the future utility of PTDs for in vitro and in vivo cellular delivery.
AB - Early studies with protein transduction domains (PTDs), such as those derived from Tat and Drosophila Antennapedia, showed rapid, receptor- and endosomal-independent uptake of conjugated biological tools into all cell types. However, recent mechanistic studies suggest that these observations were artefacts of the positively charged nature of PTDs and that uptake is instead via electrostatic binding to the plasma membrane and subsequent endocytosis. Given these observations, we assess the future utility of PTDs for in vitro and in vivo cellular delivery.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0038061635&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/S0165-6147(03)00076-2
DO - 10.1016/S0165-6147(03)00076-2
M3 - Review article
C2 - 12767716
AN - SCOPUS:0038061635
SN - 0165-6147
VL - 24
SP - 213
EP - 215
JO - Trends in Pharmacological Sciences
JF - Trends in Pharmacological Sciences
IS - 5
ER -