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Abstract
This paper reports the use of an immobilised ruthenium complex in a continuous flow process for the N-alkylation of morpholine with benzyl alcohol. The ruthenium-based catalyst was supported on a phosphine bound polymer. Screening experiments were first performed in a batch reactor, with a 16 vol% mixture of morpholine and benzyl alcohol (stoichiometric molar ratio of 1:1) in toluene as the solvent. Operating at 110 degrees C for 24 h, it was shown that high conversions (>99%) into the desired tertiary amine could be achieved. This reaction was then shown to be viable in a continuous flow reactor, where the catalytic polymer beads were retained in the bed. Operating at 150 degrees C and using p-xylene as a solvent, the conversion into the desired tertiary amine was shown to be as high as 98%. This approach is clearly very promising, as it provides a greener and more atom efficient route for the production of secondary and tertiary amines in the pharmaceutical industry.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 1533-1540 |
Number of pages | 8 |
Journal | Chemical Engineering Research & Design |
Volume | 88 |
Issue number | 12 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Dec 2010 |
Keywords
- continuous pharmaceutical processing
- production of amines
- morpholine
- N-Alkylation of amines using alcohols
- borrowing hydrogen
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Dive into the research topics of 'Production of pharmaceuticals: amines from alcohols in a continuous flow fixed bed catalytic reactor'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.Projects
- 1 Finished
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TERTIARY AMINES FROM ALCOHOLS WITHOUT OXIDANTS, REDUCTANTS O R ALKY HALIDES
Williams, J. (PI) & Kolaczkowski, S. (CoI)
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
14/01/08 → 13/01/11
Project: Research council