Proboscipedia represses distal signaling in the embryonic gnathal limb fields of Tribolium castaneum

M De Camillis, R Ffrench-Constant

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

11 Citations (SciVal)

Abstract

Orthologs of the Hox genes Sex combs reduced (Scr) and proboscipedia (pd) are active in the developing labial appendages of all insect species tested. The remarkable variation among insect gnathal structures, particularly in the distal podomeres, suggests two Hox genes may enhance the adaptive potential of gnathal appendage morphology. Functional studies in the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster, the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum and the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus show that cooperation between Scr and pb has been generally conserved, but specific mechanisms have been altered during evolution. Cross-regulation of pb by Scr is evident in Drosophila and Tribolium, the more closely related of the three species, but not in Oncopeltus. In all three species, pb function is restricted to the distal podomeres, but details are only known for Drosophila and Oncopeltus, two species exhibiting specialized stylatehaustellate mouthparts. Drosophila pb is required for distal Scr expression, and to repress the appendage patterning genes dachshund and Distal-less (Dll). Oncopeltus pb has the novel capacity to specify leg fates. Little is known about distal functions of Tribolium pb. Hypomorphic mutations of the Tribolium pb ortholog maxillopedia can be arranged in a graded phenotypic series of palp to leg transformations along both the proximodistal and dorsoventral axes. Mid-embryonic expression profiles of Tribolium pb, Scr, wingless (wg) and Dll genes were examined in maxillopedia hypomorphic and null mutant backgrounds. Levels of pb and Scr are significantly reduced in the distal appendage field. Tribolium pb therefore positively regulates distal Scr expression, a role that it has in common with Drosophila pb. Tribolium wg is normally down-regulated in the distal domain of the embryonic gnathal appendage buds. It becomes activated distally in maxillopedia hypornorphs. Repression of wg by pb has not been reported in the labial imaginal discs of Drosophila. Alterations of Tribolium Scr and wg expression occur in Dll-expressing cells, however, unlike in Drosophila labial imaginal discs, Dll expression appears unaffected in pb hypomorphic backgrounds. We conclude that the Hox genes Sex combs reduced and proboscipedia control an appendage organizer and cell autonomous fate determination during embryonic labial palp, development in Tribolium.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)55-64
Number of pages10
JournalDevelopment Genes and Evolution
Volume213
Issue number2
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2003

Bibliographical note

ID number: ISI:000182205000001

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