Power-to-gas management using robust optimisation in integrated energy systems

A large volume of wind power is curtailed worldwide due to the intermittency and limited transportation capacity of electrical power systems. New technologies, Power-to-Gas via electrolysis, can convert excessive wind power into hydrogen to be transported by natural gas systems. However, the injection of H₂ into natural gas pipelines can cause gas quality issues due to changing gas compositions. This paper investigates the impact of injecting H₂ converted from wind power on natural gas quality. Two key indexes used to measure gas quality, Wobbe Index and Combustion Potential, are introduced to examine the impact. Then, in order to bring the two indexes into acceptable statutory ranges, H₂ is mixed with Liquid Petroleum Gas and Nitrogen. A robust optimization model, considering wind power uncertainties, is thereafter developed to manage the gas mixture, maximize H₂ injection. This paper uses the dynamic gas system model to represent real-time pipeline flows, which can better reflect gas flow features over time. The proposed method is demonstrated on a small integrated gas-electricity system. Results illustrate that excessive H₂ injection will reduce Wobbe Index but increase Combustion Potential. The robust optimization approach can effectively manage the mixture while ensuring gas quality with an uncertain wind power supply. The proposed method is beneficial to reducing renewable energy curtailment and maximizing H₂ injection, benefiting electricity system operators with low operation costs and wind power more penetration.