Polymers of intrinsic microporosity in electrocatalysis: Novel pore rigidity effects and lamella palladium growth

Two polymers (i) the polymer of intrinsic microporosity (or PIM) ethanoanthracene TB-PIM (P1, PIM-EA-TB, MW 70 kDa, BET surface area 1027 m2 g-1) and (ii) the structurally less rigid polymer based on dimethyldiphenylmethane units (P2, BDMPM-TB, MW 100 kDa, BET surface area 47 m2g-1) are compared to highlight the benefits of the newly emerging PIM membrane materials in electrocatalysis and nanostructure formation. Binding sites and binding ability/capacity in aqueous environments are compared in films deposited onto glassy carbon electrodes for (i) indigo carmine dianion immobilisation (weakly binding from water-ethanol) and (ii) PdCl4 2- immobilisation (strongly binding from acidic media). Nano-lamella growth for Pd metal during electro-reduction of PdCl4 2- is observed. Electrocatalytic oxidation of formic acid (at pH 6) is investigated for P1 and P2 as a function of film thickness. The more rigid high BET surface area PIM material P1 exhibits "open-pore" characteristics with much more promising electrocatalytic activity at Pd lamella within polymer pores.