Abstract
Temporal interference stimulation has been suggested as a method to reach deep targets during transcutaneous electrical stimulation. Despite its growing use in transcutaneous stimulation therapies, the mechanism of its operation is not fully understood. Recent efforts to fill that gap have focused on computational modelling, in vitro and in vivo experiments relying on physical observations - e.g., sensation or movement. This paper expands the current range of experimental methods by demonstrating in vivo extraneural recordings from the ulnar nerve of a pig while applying temporal interference stimulation at a location targeting a distal part of the nerve. The main aim of the experiment was to compare neural activation using sinusoidal stimulation (100 Hz, 2 kHz, 4 kHz) and temporal interference stimulation (2 kHz and 4 kHz). The recordings showed a significant increase in the magnitude of stimulation artefacts at higher frequencies. While those artefacts could be removed and provided an indication of the depth of modulation, they resulted in the saturation of the amplifiers, limiting the stimulation currents and amplifier gains used. The results of the 100 Hz sine wave stimulation showed clear neural activity correlated to the stimulation waveform. However, this was not observed with temporal interference stimulation. The results suggest that, despite its greater penetration, higher currents might be required to observe a neural response with temporal interference stimulation, and more complex artefact rejection techniques may be required to validate the method.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2022 |
| Publisher | IEEE |
| Pages | 5084-5088 |
| Number of pages | 5 |
| ISBN (Electronic) | 9781728127828 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 8 Sept 2022 |
| Event | 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2022 - Glasgow, UK United Kingdom Duration: 11 Jul 2022 → 15 Jul 2022 |
Publication series
| Name | Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS |
|---|---|
| Volume | 2022-July |
| ISSN (Print) | 1557-170X |
Conference
| Conference | 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2022 |
|---|---|
| Country/Territory | UK United Kingdom |
| City | Glasgow |
| Period | 11/07/22 → 15/07/22 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:L.J. (email: [email protected]), M.R. (email: [email protected]) and B. W. M. (email: [email protected]) are with the Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics, and Biodevices (C3Bio), Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK. LJ received funding for this work through the Santander Mobility Award and received sponsorship through the Dr Brian Nicholson scholarship, Antony Best
Funding Information:
scholarship, the Esther Parkin Trust scholarship as well as the University of Bath through the University Research Studentship Award (URSA).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 IEEE.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Signal Processing
- Biomedical Engineering
- Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
- Health Informatics
Access to Document
- EMBC_2022.PDF
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