Physical activity patterns among children and adolescents with mild-to-moderate chronic fatigue syndrome / Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

Objective:
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome / Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) is relatively common among children and adolescents, however, little is known about the physical activity levels and patterns of this population. The aim of this study was to examine the underlying patterns of physical activity among youth with mild-to-moderate CFS/ME. Cross-sectional associations between physical activity patterns with self-reported physical function, pain, fatigue, anxiety and depression were also examined.

Design:
Baseline cross-sectional data from the MAGENTA Randomised Controlled Trial.

Patients:
Children and Adolescents (aged 8-17 years) diagnosed with mild-to-moderate CFS/ME who wore an accelerometer for at least three valid weekdays.

Analyses:
Latent profile analysis was used to identify physical activity patterns. Linear regression models examined associations between physical activity classes and self-reported physical function, pain, fatigue, anxiety and depression.

Results:
138 children and adolescents (72.5% females) had valid data. Overall, participants did less than half the Government recommended level of physical activity for children and adolescents, but not all were inactive: three (2.2%) did more than one hour of physical activity every day, and 13 (9.4%) achieved an average of 60 minutes a day. Adolescents (≥12 years) were less active than younger children, but activity levels were similar between genders. Three latent classes emerged from the data: ‘active’, ‘light’ and ‘inactive’. Compared to being ‘inactive’, being in the ‘light’ class was associated with greater self-reported physical function (10.35, 95% CI: 2.32 to 18.38) and lower fatigue (-1.60, -3.13 to -0.06), while being ‘active’ was associated with greater physical function (15.26, 0.12 to 30.40), but also greater anxiety (13.79, 1.73 to 25.85).

Conclusions:
Paediatricians need to be aware that physical activity patterns vary widely before recommending treatment.