Overgeneralization as a Predictor of the Course of Depression Over Time: The Role of Negative Overgeneralization to the Self, Negative Overgeneralization Across Situations, and Overgeneral Autobiographical Memory

Filip Raes; James W. Griffith; Miet Craeynest; J. Mark G. Williams; Dirk Hermans; Tom J. Barry; Keisuke Takano; David J. Hallford

doi:10.1007/s10608-023-10385-6

Overgeneralization as a Predictor of the Course of Depression Over Time: The Role of Negative Overgeneralization to the Self, Negative Overgeneralization Across Situations, and Overgeneral Autobiographical Memory

Filip Raes, James W. Griffith, Miet Craeynest, J. Mark G. Williams, Dirk Hermans, Tom J. Barry, Keisuke Takano, David J. Hallford

Department of Psychology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

5 Citations (SciVal)

Abstract

Background: Depression is characterized by different forms of overgeneralization that are all assumed to play a causal role in the development and course of depression.

Methods: We examined, in a community sample of over 625 individuals, whether these different forms of overgeneralization are correlated and whether they are prospective predictors of depression at 6-month follow-up.

Results: Negative overgeneralization to the self and across situations—two types of overgeneralized thinking processes—were significantly but weakly related, but neither of them was related to overgeneral memory—a memory-based form of overgeneralization. Overgeneralization to the self and overgeneral memory both predicted depression symptoms at follow-up. Further, two and three-way interactions indicated that higher levels of overgeneralization processes interact to predict depressive symptoms. Overgeneralization to the self and overgeneral memory both independently predicted probable recurrence of a major depressive episode during the follow-up period in individuals that formerly experienced depression.

Conclusions: Findings suggest that overgeneralization in depression is not a unitary construct and that different overgeneralization processes play independent and interacting roles in the course of depression.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	598–613
Number of pages	16
Journal	Cognitive Therapy and Research
Volume	47
Issue number	4
Early online date	25 May 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10385-6
Publication status	Published - 31 Aug 2023

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Open Access funding enabled and organized by CAUL and its Member Institutions. This research and the preparation of this paper was supported by a Research Programme of the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO) (G.0339.08) and by a KU Leuven Grant (PF) – 10/005. We also gratefully acknowledge the support of the FWO to Dr. Griffith (GP.035.11N).

Funding

Open Access funding enabled and organized by CAUL and its Member Institutions. This research and the preparation of this paper was supported by a Research Programme of the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO) (G.0339.08) and by a KU Leuven Grant (PF) – 10/005. We also gratefully acknowledge the support of the FWO to Dr. Griffith (GP.035.11N).

Keywords

Cognitive distortion
Depression
Overgeneral autobiographical memory (OGM)
Overgeneralization
Prediction

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Clinical Psychology

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Raes, F., Griffith, J. W., Craeynest, M., Williams, J. M. G., Hermans, D., Barry, T. J., Takano, K., & Hallford, D. J. (2023). Overgeneralization as a Predictor of the Course of Depression Over Time: The Role of Negative Overgeneralization to the Self, Negative Overgeneralization Across Situations, and Overgeneral Autobiographical Memory. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 47(4), 598–613. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10385-6

Overgeneralization as a Predictor of the Course of Depression Over Time: The Role of Negative Overgeneralization to the Self, Negative Overgeneralization Across Situations, and Overgeneral Autobiographical Memory. / Raes, Filip; Griffith, James W.; Craeynest, Miet et al.
In: Cognitive Therapy and Research, Vol. 47, No. 4, 31.08.2023, p. 598–613.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Raes, F, Griffith, JW, Craeynest, M, Williams, JMG, Hermans, D, Barry, TJ, Takano, K & Hallford, DJ 2023, 'Overgeneralization as a Predictor of the Course of Depression Over Time: The Role of Negative Overgeneralization to the Self, Negative Overgeneralization Across Situations, and Overgeneral Autobiographical Memory', Cognitive Therapy and Research, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 598–613. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10385-6

Raes F, Griffith JW, Craeynest M, Williams JMG, Hermans D, Barry TJ et al. Overgeneralization as a Predictor of the Course of Depression Over Time: The Role of Negative Overgeneralization to the Self, Negative Overgeneralization Across Situations, and Overgeneral Autobiographical Memory. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 2023 Aug 31;47(4):598–613. Epub 2023 May 25. doi: 10.1007/s10608-023-10385-6

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abstract = "Background: Depression is characterized by different forms of overgeneralization that are all assumed to play a causal role in the development and course of depression. Methods: We examined, in a community sample of over 625 individuals, whether these different forms of overgeneralization are correlated and whether they are prospective predictors of depression at 6-month follow-up. Results: Negative overgeneralization to the self and across situations—two types of overgeneralized thinking processes—were significantly but weakly related, but neither of them was related to overgeneral memory—a memory-based form of overgeneralization. Overgeneralization to the self and overgeneral memory both predicted depression symptoms at follow-up. Further, two and three-way interactions indicated that higher levels of overgeneralization processes interact to predict depressive symptoms. Overgeneralization to the self and overgeneral memory both independently predicted probable recurrence of a major depressive episode during the follow-up period in individuals that formerly experienced depression. Conclusions: Findings suggest that overgeneralization in depression is not a unitary construct and that different overgeneralization processes play independent and interacting roles in the course of depression.",

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AU - Barry, Tom J.

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AU - Hallford, David J.

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N2 - Background: Depression is characterized by different forms of overgeneralization that are all assumed to play a causal role in the development and course of depression. Methods: We examined, in a community sample of over 625 individuals, whether these different forms of overgeneralization are correlated and whether they are prospective predictors of depression at 6-month follow-up. Results: Negative overgeneralization to the self and across situations—two types of overgeneralized thinking processes—were significantly but weakly related, but neither of them was related to overgeneral memory—a memory-based form of overgeneralization. Overgeneralization to the self and overgeneral memory both predicted depression symptoms at follow-up. Further, two and three-way interactions indicated that higher levels of overgeneralization processes interact to predict depressive symptoms. Overgeneralization to the self and overgeneral memory both independently predicted probable recurrence of a major depressive episode during the follow-up period in individuals that formerly experienced depression. Conclusions: Findings suggest that overgeneralization in depression is not a unitary construct and that different overgeneralization processes play independent and interacting roles in the course of depression.

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Overgeneralization as a Predictor of the Course of Depression Over Time: The Role of Negative Overgeneralization to the Self, Negative Overgeneralization Across Situations, and Overgeneral Autobiographical Memory

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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