Optimizing sulfurisation conditions in the fabrication of Cu 2ZnSnS4 absorber layers from electroplated precursors

Jonathan J Scragg; Daniel Wolverson; Z Guillaume; Laurence M Peter

doi:10.1557/PROC-1210-Q06-03

Optimizing sulfurisation conditions in the fabrication of Cu 2ZnSnS4 absorber layers from electroplated precursors

Jonathan J Scragg, Daniel Wolverson, Z Guillaume, Laurence M Peter

Northumbria University

Research output: Chapter or section in a book/report/conference proceeding › Chapter or section

Abstract

Using direct photoelectrochemical measurement of the photocurrent obtained from Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) absorber layers made by a two-stage electroplating-sulfurisation process, the influence of processing conditions (temperature, time, and pressure) on material quality was investigated with a view to understanding the long sulfurisation times usually found in the literature. The improvement in photocurrent due to KCN etching was also studied, and seems to be due both to removal of surface phases and also slower etching of the bulk material. The optimum sulfurisation time was found to be around 50 minutes, despite evidence that sulfur incorporation and phase formation are complete within 5 minutes. Slow grain growth was suggested as a rate-limiting factor, and a rate constant was derived based on a simple model.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Photovoltaic Materials and Manufacturing Issues II
Place of Publication	Warrendale, PA.
Publisher	Materials Research Society
Volume	1210
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-1210-Q06-03
Publication status	Published - 2010
Event	2009 MRS Fall Meeting - Boston, USA United States Duration: 29 Nov 2009 → 3 Dec 2009

Conference

Conference	2009 MRS Fall Meeting
Country/Territory	USA United States
City	Boston
Period	29/11/09 → 3/12/09

Access to Document

10.1557/PROC-1210-Q06-03

SUPERGEN: Photovoltaic Materials for the 21st Century
Peter, L. (PI), Islam, S. (CoI), Marken, F. (CoI) & Molloy, K. C. (CoI)
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
1/04/08 → 30/09/12
Project: Research council

Cite this

Optimizing sulfurisation conditions in the fabrication of Cu 2ZnSnS4 absorber layers from electroplated precursors. / Scragg, Jonathan J; Wolverson, Daniel; Guillaume, Z et al.
Photovoltaic Materials and Manufacturing Issues II. Vol. 1210 Warrendale, PA.: Materials Research Society, 2010. Q06-03.

Research output: Chapter or section in a book/report/conference proceeding › Chapter or section

Scragg, JJ, Wolverson, D, Guillaume, Z & Peter, LM 2010, Optimizing sulfurisation conditions in the fabrication of Cu 2ZnSnS4 absorber layers from electroplated precursors. in Photovoltaic Materials and Manufacturing Issues II. vol. 1210, Q06-03, Materials Research Society, Warrendale, PA., 2009 MRS Fall Meeting, Boston, Massachusetts, USA United States, 29/11/09. https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-1210-Q06-03

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title = "Optimizing sulfurisation conditions in the fabrication of Cu 2ZnSnS4 absorber layers from electroplated precursors",

abstract = "Using direct photoelectrochemical measurement of the photocurrent obtained from Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) absorber layers made by a two-stage electroplating-sulfurisation process, the influence of processing conditions (temperature, time, and pressure) on material quality was investigated with a view to understanding the long sulfurisation times usually found in the literature. The improvement in photocurrent due to KCN etching was also studied, and seems to be due both to removal of surface phases and also slower etching of the bulk material. The optimum sulfurisation time was found to be around 50 minutes, despite evidence that sulfur incorporation and phase formation are complete within 5 minutes. Slow grain growth was suggested as a rate-limiting factor, and a rate constant was derived based on a simple model.",

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doi = "10.1557/PROC-1210-Q06-03",

language = "English",

volume = "1210",

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T1 - Optimizing sulfurisation conditions in the fabrication of Cu 2ZnSnS4 absorber layers from electroplated precursors

AU - Scragg, Jonathan J

AU - Wolverson, Daniel

AU - Guillaume, Z

AU - Peter, Laurence M

PY - 2010

Y1 - 2010

N2 - Using direct photoelectrochemical measurement of the photocurrent obtained from Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) absorber layers made by a two-stage electroplating-sulfurisation process, the influence of processing conditions (temperature, time, and pressure) on material quality was investigated with a view to understanding the long sulfurisation times usually found in the literature. The improvement in photocurrent due to KCN etching was also studied, and seems to be due both to removal of surface phases and also slower etching of the bulk material. The optimum sulfurisation time was found to be around 50 minutes, despite evidence that sulfur incorporation and phase formation are complete within 5 minutes. Slow grain growth was suggested as a rate-limiting factor, and a rate constant was derived based on a simple model.

AB - Using direct photoelectrochemical measurement of the photocurrent obtained from Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) absorber layers made by a two-stage electroplating-sulfurisation process, the influence of processing conditions (temperature, time, and pressure) on material quality was investigated with a view to understanding the long sulfurisation times usually found in the literature. The improvement in photocurrent due to KCN etching was also studied, and seems to be due both to removal of surface phases and also slower etching of the bulk material. The optimum sulfurisation time was found to be around 50 minutes, despite evidence that sulfur incorporation and phase formation are complete within 5 minutes. Slow grain growth was suggested as a rate-limiting factor, and a rate constant was derived based on a simple model.

U2 - 10.1557/PROC-1210-Q06-03

DO - 10.1557/PROC-1210-Q06-03

M3 - Chapter or section

VL - 1210

BT - Photovoltaic Materials and Manufacturing Issues II

PB - Materials Research Society

CY - Warrendale, PA.

T2 - 2009 MRS Fall Meeting

Y2 - 29 November 2009 through 3 December 2009

ER -

Optimizing sulfurisation conditions in the fabrication of Cu 2ZnSnS4 absorber layers from electroplated precursors

Abstract

Conference

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Projects

SUPERGEN: Photovoltaic Materials for the 21st Century

Cite this