Optimisation of a lozenge-based sensor for detecting impending blockage of urinary catheters

Rachel A. Heylen; Max Branson; Lauren Gwynne; Bethany L. Patenall; Nina Hauschildt; James Urie; June Mercer-Chalmers; Naing T. Thet; Maisem Laabei; A. Toby A. Jenkins

doi:10.1016/j.bios.2021.113775

Optimisation of a lozenge-based sensor for detecting impending blockage of urinary catheters

Rachel A. Heylen, Max Branson, Lauren Gwynne, Bethany L. Patenall, Nina Hauschildt, James Urie, June Mercer-Chalmers, Naing T. Thet, Maisem Laabei, A. Toby A. Jenkins

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Abstract

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections resulting from urease-positive microorganisms are more likely to cause a urinary catheter blockage owing to the urease activity of the microbes. Catheter blockage can be dangerous and increases the risk of severe infections, such as sepsis. Ureases, a virulence factor in Proteus mirabilis, cause an increase in urine pH - leading to blockage. An optimised biosensor “lozenge” is presented here, which is able to detect impending catheter blockage. This lozenge has been optimised to allow easy manufacture and commercialisation. It functions as a sensor in a physiologically representative model of a catheterised urinary tract, providing 6.7 h warning prior to catheter blockage. The lozenge is stable in healthy human urine and can be sterilized for clinical use by ethylene oxide. Clinically, the lozenge will provide a visible indication of impending catheter blockage, enabling quicker clinical intervention and thus reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with blockage.

Original language	English
Article number	113775
Journal	Biosensors and Bioelectronics
Volume	197
Early online date	11 Nov 2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2021.113775
Publication status	Published - 1 Feb 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
RH would like to thank the Annette Trust and EPSRC IAA project for funding, LG thanks grant MR/N0137941/ 1 for the GW4 BIOMED DTP, awarded to the Universities of Bath, Bristol, Cardiff and Exeter. BP would like to thank the James Tudor Foundation and Mr and Mrs A. Watson for their funding. We also wish to thank Evonik, Darmstadt for drum-coating the tablet-based lozenges and Mediplus Ltd, for sterilizing the lozenges with ethylene oxide.

Funding Information:
RH would like to thank the Annette Trust and EPSRC IAA project for funding, LG thanks grant MR/N0137941/1 for the GW4 BIOMED DTP, awarded to the Universities of Bath, Bristol, Cardiff and Exeter. BP would like to thank the James Tudor Foundation and Mr and Mrs A. Watson for their funding. We also wish to thank Evonik, Darmstadt for drum-coating the tablet-based lozenges and Mediplus Ltd, for sterilizing the lozenges with ethylene oxide.

Keywords

CAUTI
Diagnostics
Dye-release
Lozenge
P. mirabilis
pH-sensitive polymer

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Biotechnology
Biophysics
Biomedical Engineering
Electrochemistry

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.bios.2021.113775

Optimization of a Lozenge.PDFAccepted author manuscript, 668 KBLicence: CC BY-NC-ND

Cite this

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title = "Optimisation of a lozenge-based sensor for detecting impending blockage of urinary catheters",

abstract = "Catheter-associated urinary tract infections resulting from urease-positive microorganisms are more likely to cause a urinary catheter blockage owing to the urease activity of the microbes. Catheter blockage can be dangerous and increases the risk of severe infections, such as sepsis. Ureases, a virulence factor in Proteus mirabilis, cause an increase in urine pH - leading to blockage. An optimised biosensor “lozenge” is presented here, which is able to detect impending catheter blockage. This lozenge has been optimised to allow easy manufacture and commercialisation. It functions as a sensor in a physiologically representative model of a catheterised urinary tract, providing 6.7 h warning prior to catheter blockage. The lozenge is stable in healthy human urine and can be sterilized for clinical use by ethylene oxide. Clinically, the lozenge will provide a visible indication of impending catheter blockage, enabling quicker clinical intervention and thus reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with blockage.",

keywords = "CAUTI, Diagnostics, Dye-release, Lozenge, P. mirabilis, pH-sensitive polymer",

author = "Heylen, {Rachel A.} and Max Branson and Lauren Gwynne and Patenall, {Bethany L.} and Nina Hauschildt and James Urie and June Mercer-Chalmers and Thet, {Naing T.} and Maisem Laabei and Jenkins, {A. Toby A.}",

note = "Funding Information: RH would like to thank the Annette Trust and EPSRC IAA project for funding, LG thanks grant MR/N0137941/ 1 for the GW4 BIOMED DTP, awarded to the Universities of Bath, Bristol, Cardiff and Exeter. BP would like to thank the James Tudor Foundation and Mr and Mrs A. Watson for their funding. We also wish to thank Evonik, Darmstadt for drum-coating the tablet-based lozenges and Mediplus Ltd, for sterilizing the lozenges with ethylene oxide. Funding Information: RH would like to thank the Annette Trust and EPSRC IAA project for funding, LG thanks grant MR/N0137941/1 for the GW4 BIOMED DTP, awarded to the Universities of Bath, Bristol, Cardiff and Exeter. BP would like to thank the James Tudor Foundation and Mr and Mrs A. Watson for their funding. We also wish to thank Evonik, Darmstadt for drum-coating the tablet-based lozenges and Mediplus Ltd, for sterilizing the lozenges with ethylene oxide. ",

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doi = "10.1016/j.bios.2021.113775",

language = "English",

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AU - Heylen, Rachel A.

AU - Branson, Max

AU - Gwynne, Lauren

AU - Patenall, Bethany L.

AU - Hauschildt, Nina

AU - Urie, James

AU - Mercer-Chalmers, June

AU - Thet, Naing T.

AU - Laabei, Maisem

AU - Jenkins, A. Toby A.

N1 - Funding Information: RH would like to thank the Annette Trust and EPSRC IAA project for funding, LG thanks grant MR/N0137941/ 1 for the GW4 BIOMED DTP, awarded to the Universities of Bath, Bristol, Cardiff and Exeter. BP would like to thank the James Tudor Foundation and Mr and Mrs A. Watson for their funding. We also wish to thank Evonik, Darmstadt for drum-coating the tablet-based lozenges and Mediplus Ltd, for sterilizing the lozenges with ethylene oxide. Funding Information: RH would like to thank the Annette Trust and EPSRC IAA project for funding, LG thanks grant MR/N0137941/1 for the GW4 BIOMED DTP, awarded to the Universities of Bath, Bristol, Cardiff and Exeter. BP would like to thank the James Tudor Foundation and Mr and Mrs A. Watson for their funding. We also wish to thank Evonik, Darmstadt for drum-coating the tablet-based lozenges and Mediplus Ltd, for sterilizing the lozenges with ethylene oxide.

PY - 2022/2/1

Y1 - 2022/2/1

N2 - Catheter-associated urinary tract infections resulting from urease-positive microorganisms are more likely to cause a urinary catheter blockage owing to the urease activity of the microbes. Catheter blockage can be dangerous and increases the risk of severe infections, such as sepsis. Ureases, a virulence factor in Proteus mirabilis, cause an increase in urine pH - leading to blockage. An optimised biosensor “lozenge” is presented here, which is able to detect impending catheter blockage. This lozenge has been optimised to allow easy manufacture and commercialisation. It functions as a sensor in a physiologically representative model of a catheterised urinary tract, providing 6.7 h warning prior to catheter blockage. The lozenge is stable in healthy human urine and can be sterilized for clinical use by ethylene oxide. Clinically, the lozenge will provide a visible indication of impending catheter blockage, enabling quicker clinical intervention and thus reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with blockage.

AB - Catheter-associated urinary tract infections resulting from urease-positive microorganisms are more likely to cause a urinary catheter blockage owing to the urease activity of the microbes. Catheter blockage can be dangerous and increases the risk of severe infections, such as sepsis. Ureases, a virulence factor in Proteus mirabilis, cause an increase in urine pH - leading to blockage. An optimised biosensor “lozenge” is presented here, which is able to detect impending catheter blockage. This lozenge has been optimised to allow easy manufacture and commercialisation. It functions as a sensor in a physiologically representative model of a catheterised urinary tract, providing 6.7 h warning prior to catheter blockage. The lozenge is stable in healthy human urine and can be sterilized for clinical use by ethylene oxide. Clinically, the lozenge will provide a visible indication of impending catheter blockage, enabling quicker clinical intervention and thus reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with blockage.

KW - CAUTI

KW - Diagnostics

KW - Dye-release

KW - Lozenge

KW - P. mirabilis

KW - pH-sensitive polymer

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DO - 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113775

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85118879755

SN - 0956-5663

VL - 197

JO - Biosensors and Bioelectronics

JF - Biosensors and Bioelectronics

M1 - 113775

ER -

Optimisation of a lozenge-based sensor for detecting impending blockage of urinary catheters

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

Access to Document

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