Optimal coordination strategy for an integrated multi-modal and multi-operator transit system: the case of Singapore

This paper develops a model for evaluating optimal coordination of a multimodal and multioperator transit system. The core logic of the modeling is to minimize the total cost for both transit operators and users. Hence, the objective function is the total cost which consists of operator cost and user cost. The models, which take the form of feedback equilibrium, were solved using the outer approximate algorithm provided in computer software. Sensitivity analysis and statistical analysis were carried out to make comparisons of optimal cost components under different operator policies. The results indicated that optimal coordination strategies would be a cooperation policy between operators in an integer-coordination approach in the special situation similar to Singapore transit system.