Off-Site Construction SMEs Transition to Net-Zero

With the imperative to combat climate change and achieve net-zero targets by 2050, the construction industry faces growing pressure to adopt sustainable practices and reduce carbon emissions. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which constitute the majority of the industry, often lack the resources and expertise to make this transition effectively. This paper investigates how off-site construction SMEs can implement actions to achieve net-zero carbon emissions, focusing on the integration of sustainable practices through Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Lean principles within a small off-site construction company. Using an action research approach, the study employed iterative cycles of planning, action, and reflection. Data collection included carbon footprint assessments, process mapping, stakeholder interviews, and workshops. The analysis identified inefficiencies that informed targeted interventions, such as enhancing in-house capabilities and digitalising processes to streamline operations and improve monitoring. Collaborative engagement ensured that solutions were both technically feasible and economically viable. The findings highlight the potential of Lean principles and BIM in advancing net-zero goals. The research offers valuable insights for SMEs, highlighting the critical role of collaborative and innovative approaches in driving net-zero transformation.