Observations of Typhoon Generated Gravity Waves From the CIPS and AIRS Instruments and Comparison to the High-Resolution ECMWF Model

Chihoko Y. Cullens; Brentha Thurairajah; Scott L. England; Cora E. Randall; Jia Yue; Corwin Wright

doi:10.1029/2022JD038170

Observations of Typhoon Generated Gravity Waves From the CIPS and AIRS Instruments and Comparison to the High-Resolution ECMWF Model

Chihoko Y. Cullens, Brentha Thurairajah, Scott L. England, Cora E. Randall, Jia Yue, Corwin Wright

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Abstract

The satellite-based Cloud Imaging and Particle Size (CIPS) instrument and Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) observed concentric gravity waves (GWs) generated by Typhoon Yutu in late October 2018. This work compares CIPS and AIRS nadir viewing observations of GWs at altitudes of 50–55 and 30–40 km, respectively, to simulations from the high-resolution European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting Integrated Forecasting System (ECMWF-IFS) and ECMWF reanalysis v5 (ERA5). Both ECMWF-IFS with 9 km and ERA5 with 31 km horizontal resolution show concentric GWs at similar locations and timing as the AIRS and CIPS observations. The GW wavelengths are ∼225–236 km in ECMWF-IFS simulations, which compares well with the wavelength inferred from the observations. After validation of ECMWF GWs, five category five typhoon events during 2018 are analyzed using ECMWF to obtain characteristics of concentric GWs in the Western Pacific regions. The amplitudes of GWs in the stratosphere are not strongly correlated with the strength of typhoons, but are controlled by background wind conditions. Our results confirm that amplitudes and shapes of concentric GWs observed in the stratosphere and lowermost mesosphere are heavily influenced by the background wind conditions.

Original language	English
Article number	e2022JD038170
Number of pages	13
Journal	Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
Volume	128
Issue number	13
Early online date	14 Jun 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD038170
Publication status	Published - 16 Jul 2023

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We thank Dr. Justin Carstens for the CIPS GW retrievals. AIM is funded by the NASA Small Explorer program. AIRS GW data are produced by Dr. Lars Hoffmann. CYC was supported by NSF AGS Award 2217461 and NASA Heliophysics Supporting Research (80NSSC22K0895) and NASA ECIP (80NSSC22K0726). CER was supported by AIM, the NASA DRIVE program (80NSSC20K0628) and the NASA Heliophysics Guest Investigator program (80NSSC18K0775). BT was supported by NASA/AIM. CJW is supported by Royal Society University Research Fellowship URF\R\221023 and NERC Grant NE/S00985X/1.

Funding

We thank Dr. Justin Carstens for the CIPS GW retrievals. AIM is funded by the NASA Small Explorer program. AIRS GW data are produced by Dr. Lars Hoffmann. CYC was supported by NSF AGS Award 2217461 and NASA Heliophysics Supporting Research (80NSSC22K0895) and NASA ECIP (80NSSC22K0726). CER was supported by AIM, the NASA DRIVE program (80NSSC20K0628) and the NASA Heliophysics Guest Investigator program (80NSSC18K0775). BT was supported by NASA/AIM. CJW is supported by Royal Society University Research Fellowship URF\R\221023 and NERC Grant NE/S00985X/1.

Keywords

AIRS
CIPS
ECMWF
gravity wave
typhoon

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Geophysics
Atmospheric Science
Space and Planetary Science
Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)

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10.1029/2022JD038170

Observations of Typhoon Generated Gravity Waves (accepted author manuscript)
This is the peer reviewed version of an article that has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD038170. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited.
Accepted author manuscript, 27.3 MB

Cite this

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title = "Observations of Typhoon Generated Gravity Waves From the CIPS and AIRS Instruments and Comparison to the High-Resolution ECMWF Model",

abstract = "The satellite-based Cloud Imaging and Particle Size (CIPS) instrument and Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) observed concentric gravity waves (GWs) generated by Typhoon Yutu in late October 2018. This work compares CIPS and AIRS nadir viewing observations of GWs at altitudes of 50–55 and 30–40 km, respectively, to simulations from the high-resolution European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting Integrated Forecasting System (ECMWF-IFS) and ECMWF reanalysis v5 (ERA5). Both ECMWF-IFS with 9 km and ERA5 with 31 km horizontal resolution show concentric GWs at similar locations and timing as the AIRS and CIPS observations. The GW wavelengths are ∼225–236 km in ECMWF-IFS simulations, which compares well with the wavelength inferred from the observations. After validation of ECMWF GWs, five category five typhoon events during 2018 are analyzed using ECMWF to obtain characteristics of concentric GWs in the Western Pacific regions. The amplitudes of GWs in the stratosphere are not strongly correlated with the strength of typhoons, but are controlled by background wind conditions. Our results confirm that amplitudes and shapes of concentric GWs observed in the stratosphere and lowermost mesosphere are heavily influenced by the background wind conditions.",

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author = "Cullens, {Chihoko Y.} and Brentha Thurairajah and England, {Scott L.} and Randall, {Cora E.} and Jia Yue and Corwin Wright",

note = "Funding Information: We thank Dr. Justin Carstens for the CIPS GW retrievals. AIM is funded by the NASA Small Explorer program. AIRS GW data are produced by Dr. Lars Hoffmann. CYC was supported by NSF AGS Award 2217461 and NASA Heliophysics Supporting Research (80NSSC22K0895) and NASA ECIP (80NSSC22K0726). CER was supported by AIM, the NASA DRIVE program (80NSSC20K0628) and the NASA Heliophysics Guest Investigator program (80NSSC18K0775). BT was supported by NASA/AIM. CJW is supported by Royal Society University Research Fellowship URF\R\221023 and NERC Grant NE/S00985X/1. ",

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AU - Randall, Cora E.

AU - Yue, Jia

AU - Wright, Corwin

N1 - Funding Information: We thank Dr. Justin Carstens for the CIPS GW retrievals. AIM is funded by the NASA Small Explorer program. AIRS GW data are produced by Dr. Lars Hoffmann. CYC was supported by NSF AGS Award 2217461 and NASA Heliophysics Supporting Research (80NSSC22K0895) and NASA ECIP (80NSSC22K0726). CER was supported by AIM, the NASA DRIVE program (80NSSC20K0628) and the NASA Heliophysics Guest Investigator program (80NSSC18K0775). BT was supported by NASA/AIM. CJW is supported by Royal Society University Research Fellowship URF\R\221023 and NERC Grant NE/S00985X/1.

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N2 - The satellite-based Cloud Imaging and Particle Size (CIPS) instrument and Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) observed concentric gravity waves (GWs) generated by Typhoon Yutu in late October 2018. This work compares CIPS and AIRS nadir viewing observations of GWs at altitudes of 50–55 and 30–40 km, respectively, to simulations from the high-resolution European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting Integrated Forecasting System (ECMWF-IFS) and ECMWF reanalysis v5 (ERA5). Both ECMWF-IFS with 9 km and ERA5 with 31 km horizontal resolution show concentric GWs at similar locations and timing as the AIRS and CIPS observations. The GW wavelengths are ∼225–236 km in ECMWF-IFS simulations, which compares well with the wavelength inferred from the observations. After validation of ECMWF GWs, five category five typhoon events during 2018 are analyzed using ECMWF to obtain characteristics of concentric GWs in the Western Pacific regions. The amplitudes of GWs in the stratosphere are not strongly correlated with the strength of typhoons, but are controlled by background wind conditions. Our results confirm that amplitudes and shapes of concentric GWs observed in the stratosphere and lowermost mesosphere are heavily influenced by the background wind conditions.

AB - The satellite-based Cloud Imaging and Particle Size (CIPS) instrument and Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) observed concentric gravity waves (GWs) generated by Typhoon Yutu in late October 2018. This work compares CIPS and AIRS nadir viewing observations of GWs at altitudes of 50–55 and 30–40 km, respectively, to simulations from the high-resolution European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting Integrated Forecasting System (ECMWF-IFS) and ECMWF reanalysis v5 (ERA5). Both ECMWF-IFS with 9 km and ERA5 with 31 km horizontal resolution show concentric GWs at similar locations and timing as the AIRS and CIPS observations. The GW wavelengths are ∼225–236 km in ECMWF-IFS simulations, which compares well with the wavelength inferred from the observations. After validation of ECMWF GWs, five category five typhoon events during 2018 are analyzed using ECMWF to obtain characteristics of concentric GWs in the Western Pacific regions. The amplitudes of GWs in the stratosphere are not strongly correlated with the strength of typhoons, but are controlled by background wind conditions. Our results confirm that amplitudes and shapes of concentric GWs observed in the stratosphere and lowermost mesosphere are heavily influenced by the background wind conditions.

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VL - 128

JO - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

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M1 - e2022JD038170

ER -

Observations of Typhoon Generated Gravity Waves From the CIPS and AIRS Instruments and Comparison to the High-Resolution ECMWF Model

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

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Planetary and Gravity Waves as Drivers of Sudden Stratospheric Warmings

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Observations of Typhoon Generated Gravity Waves From the CIPS and AIRS Instruments and Comparison to the High-Resolution ECMWF Model

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Projects

Planetary and Gravity Waves as Drivers of Sudden Stratospheric Warmings

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