Abstract
We present a sample of Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) observed at mid latitudes by the Atmosphere Space Interaction Monitor (ASIM). The events were detected between June 2018 and August 2020 in the latitude bands between 35° and 51° in both hemispheres, which we hereafter refer to as “mid latitudes.” The sample includes the first observations above (Formula presented.) and consists of 14 events clustered in four geographical regions: north-west Atlantic and eastern USA; Mediterranean Sea; the ocean around South Africa; and north-eastern China and Siberia. We examine the characteristics of each event, both standalone and in the context of the global ASIM TGF data set, and we find that our sample is consistent with the global population concerning the number of counts, but shows significantly shorter durations. We analyze the meteorological context and the general evolution of the parent storms and we show that the storms are not extreme in terms of total duration and extension. Whenever possible, we also include the radio sferics and the peak current of the parent stroke. Finally, we present an estimation of the TGF occurrence rate at mid latitudes, based on ASIM's exposure, the local flash rate and tropopause altitude, and we show that it is outside but very close to two standard deviation from the rate of production at tropical latitudes, corrected by the higher atmospheric absorption of higher latitudes. This means that atmospheric absorption plays a major role in the detection of TGFs at mid latitudes, but we cannot rule out other factors.
Original language | English |
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Article number | e2020JD034432 |
Journal | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
Volume | 126 |
Issue number | 18 |
Early online date | 26 Aug 2021 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 27 Sept 2021 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska‐Curie grant agreement 722337. The authors wish to thank Earth Networks ( https://www.earthnetworks.com/ ), WWLLN ( http://wwlln.net ) and Vaisala ( https://www.vaisala.com/en ) for providing lightning data. This study was supported by the Research Council of Norway under contracts 208028/F50 and 223252/F50 (CoE). The authors thank the French AERIS/ICARE Data and Services Center which provided MSG/SEVIRI data for cloud top temperature.
Keywords
- ASIM instrument
- atmospheric electricity
- high-energy atmospheric physics
- high-energy radiation
- lightning
- Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Atmospheric Science
- Geophysics
- Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)
- Space and Planetary Science