Obesity and brain structure in schizophrenia - ENIGMA study in 3021 individuals

Sean R McWhinney; Katharina Brosch; Vince D Calhoun; Benedicto Crespo-Facorro; Nicolas A Crossley; Udo Dannlowski; Erin Dickie; Lorielle M F Dietze; Gary Donohoe; Stefan Du Plessis; Stefan Ehrlich; Robin Emsley; Petra Furstova; David C Glahn; Alfonso Gonzalez-Valderrama; Dominik Grotegerd; Laurena Holleran; Tilo T J Kircher; Pavel Knytl; Marian Kolenic; Rebekka Lencer; Igor Nenadić; Nils Opel; Julia-Katharina Pfarr; Amanda L Rodrigue; Kelly Rootes-Murdy; Alex J Ross; Kang Sim; Antonín Škoch; Filip Spaniel; Frederike Stein; Patrik Švancer; Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez; Juan Undurraga; Javier Váquez-Bourgon; Aristotle Voineskos; Esther Walton; Thomas W Weickert; Cynthia Shannon Weickert; Paul M Thompson; Theo G M van Erp; Jessica A Turner; Tomas Hajek

doi:10.1038/s41380-022-01616-5

Obesity and brain structure in schizophrenia - ENIGMA study in 3021 individuals

Sean R McWhinney, Katharina Brosch, Vince D Calhoun, Benedicto Crespo-Facorro, Nicolas A Crossley, Udo Dannlowski, Erin Dickie, Lorielle M F Dietze, Gary Donohoe, Stefan Du Plessis, Stefan Ehrlich, Robin Emsley, Petra Furstova, David C Glahn, Alfonso Gonzalez-Valderrama, Dominik Grotegerd, Laurena Holleran, Tilo T J Kircher, Pavel Knytl, Marian KolenicRebekka Lencer, Igor Nenadić, Nils Opel, Julia-Katharina Pfarr, Amanda L Rodrigue, Kelly Rootes-Murdy, Alex J Ross, Kang Sim, Antonín Škoch, Filip Spaniel, Frederike Stein, Patrik Švancer, Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Juan Undurraga, Javier Váquez-Bourgon, Aristotle Voineskos, Esther Walton, Thomas W Weickert, Cynthia Shannon Weickert, Paul M Thompson, Theo G M van Erp, Jessica A Turner, Tomas Hajek

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Abstract

Schizophrenia is frequently associated with obesity, which is linked with neurostructural alterations. Yet, we do not understand how the brain correlates of obesity map onto the brain changes in schizophrenia. We obtained MRI-derived brain cortical and subcortical measures and body mass index (BMI) from 1260 individuals with schizophrenia and 1761 controls from 12 independent research sites within the ENIGMA-Schizophrenia Working Group. We jointly modeled the statistical effects of schizophrenia and BMI using mixed effects. BMI was additively associated with structure of many of the same brain regions as schizophrenia, but the cortical and subcortical alterations in schizophrenia were more widespread and pronounced. Both BMI and schizophrenia were primarily associated with changes in cortical thickness, with fewer correlates in surface area. While, BMI was negatively associated with cortical thickness, the significant associations between BMI and surface area or subcortical volumes were positive. Lastly, the brain correlates of obesity were replicated among large studies and closely resembled neurostructural changes in major depressive disorders. We confirmed widespread associations between BMI and brain structure in individuals with schizophrenia. People with both obesity and schizophrenia showed more pronounced brain alterations than people with only one of these conditions. Obesity appears to be a relevant factor which could account for heterogeneity of brain imaging findings and for differences in brain imaging outcomes among people with schizophrenia.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	3731-3737
Number of pages	7
Journal	Molecular Psychiatry
Volume	27
Issue number	9
Early online date	14 Jun 2022
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-022-01616-5
Publication status	Published - 30 Sept 2022

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Molecular Biology
Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Psychiatry and Mental health

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McWhinney, S. R., Brosch, K., Calhoun, V. D., Crespo-Facorro, B., Crossley, N. A., Dannlowski, U., Dickie, E., Dietze, L. M. F., Donohoe, G., Du Plessis, S., Ehrlich, S., Emsley, R., Furstova, P., Glahn, D. C., Gonzalez-Valderrama, A., Grotegerd, D., Holleran, L., Kircher, T. T. J., Knytl, P., ... Hajek, T. (2022). Obesity and brain structure in schizophrenia - ENIGMA study in 3021 individuals. Molecular Psychiatry, 27(9), 3731-3737. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-022-01616-5

McWhinney, SR, Brosch, K, Calhoun, VD, Crespo-Facorro, B, Crossley, NA, Dannlowski, U, Dickie, E, Dietze, LMF, Donohoe, G, Du Plessis, S, Ehrlich, S, Emsley, R, Furstova, P, Glahn, DC, Gonzalez-Valderrama, A, Grotegerd, D, Holleran, L, Kircher, TTJ, Knytl, P, Kolenic, M, Lencer, R, Nenadić, I, Opel, N, Pfarr, J-K, Rodrigue, AL, Rootes-Murdy, K, Ross, AJ, Sim, K, Škoch, A, Spaniel, F, Stein, F, Švancer, P, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, D, Undurraga, J, Váquez-Bourgon, J, Voineskos, A, Walton, E, Weickert, TW, Weickert, CS, Thompson, PM, van Erp, TGM, Turner, JA & Hajek, T 2022, 'Obesity and brain structure in schizophrenia - ENIGMA study in 3021 individuals', Molecular Psychiatry, vol. 27, no. 9, pp. 3731-3737. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-022-01616-5

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title = "Obesity and brain structure in schizophrenia - ENIGMA study in 3021 individuals",

abstract = "Schizophrenia is frequently associated with obesity, which is linked with neurostructural alterations. Yet, we do not understand how the brain correlates of obesity map onto the brain changes in schizophrenia. We obtained MRI-derived brain cortical and subcortical measures and body mass index (BMI) from 1260 individuals with schizophrenia and 1761 controls from 12 independent research sites within the ENIGMA-Schizophrenia Working Group. We jointly modeled the statistical effects of schizophrenia and BMI using mixed effects. BMI was additively associated with structure of many of the same brain regions as schizophrenia, but the cortical and subcortical alterations in schizophrenia were more widespread and pronounced. Both BMI and schizophrenia were primarily associated with changes in cortical thickness, with fewer correlates in surface area. While, BMI was negatively associated with cortical thickness, the significant associations between BMI and surface area or subcortical volumes were positive. Lastly, the brain correlates of obesity were replicated among large studies and closely resembled neurostructural changes in major depressive disorders. We confirmed widespread associations between BMI and brain structure in individuals with schizophrenia. People with both obesity and schizophrenia showed more pronounced brain alterations than people with only one of these conditions. Obesity appears to be a relevant factor which could account for heterogeneity of brain imaging findings and for differences in brain imaging outcomes among people with schizophrenia.",

author = "McWhinney, {Sean R} and Katharina Brosch and Calhoun, {Vince D} and Benedicto Crespo-Facorro and Crossley, {Nicolas A} and Udo Dannlowski and Erin Dickie and Dietze, {Lorielle M F} and Gary Donohoe and {Du Plessis}, Stefan and Stefan Ehrlich and Robin Emsley and Petra Furstova and Glahn, {David C} and Alfonso Gonzalez-Valderrama and Dominik Grotegerd and Laurena Holleran and Kircher, {Tilo T J} and Pavel Knytl and Marian Kolenic and Rebekka Lencer and Igor Nenadi{\'c} and Nils Opel and Julia-Katharina Pfarr and Rodrigue, {Amanda L} and Kelly Rootes-Murdy and Ross, {Alex J} and Kang Sim and Anton{\'i}n {\v S}koch and Filip Spaniel and Frederike Stein and Patrik {\v S}vancer and Diana Tordesillas-Guti{\'e}rrez and Juan Undurraga and Javier V{\'a}quez-Bourgon and Aristotle Voineskos and Esther Walton and Weickert, {Thomas W} and Weickert, {Cynthia Shannon} and Thompson, {Paul M} and {van Erp}, {Theo G M} and Turner, {Jessica A} and Tomas Hajek",

note = "Nicolas Crossley et al. were supported by the Agencia Nacional de Investigaci{\'o}n y Desarrollo, Chile, through its grants PIA ACT1414, ANID-PIA-ACT 192064, and FONDECYT regular 1200601. This work was funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG, grant FOR2107 DA1151/5-1 and DA1151/5-2 to UD; SFB-TRR58, Projects C09 and Z02 to UD) and the Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) of the medical faculty of M{\"u}nster (grant Dan3/012/17 to UD). The NUDZ and IKEM sites were supported by funding from the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic (16-32791A, NU20-04-00393) and conceptual development of research organization (Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine – IKEM, IN 00023001). This work was also funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG grant FOR2107, KI588/14-1 and FOR2107, KI588/14-2 to Tilo Kircher, Marburg, Germany), as well as, the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, EU and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), grants NE2254/1-2, NE2254/3-1, NE2254/4-1. Additional support provided by research grants from the National Healthcare Group, Singapore (SIG/05004; SIG/05028), and the Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (RP C009/2006) research grants awarded to Kang Sim. Esther Walton was supported by the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Early Cause, grant n° 848158). Funding for Thomas Weickert was provided by the National Health and Medical Research Council Australia Project Grant 568807; New South Wales Health, University of New South Wales, Neuroscience Research Australia and the Schizophrenia Research Institute. Gary Donahoe{\textquoteright}s research was funded by the European Research Council 677467 and Science Foundation Ireland 16/ERCS/3787. Lastly, Tomas Hajek was supported by funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (103703 , 106469 and 142255), Nova Scotia Health Research Foundation, Dalhousie Clinical Research Scholarship to T. Hajek, Brain & Behavior Research Foundation (formerly NARSAD); 2007 Young Investigator and 2015 Independent Investigator Awards to T. Hajek. ",

year = "2022",

month = sep,

day = "30",

doi = "10.1038/s41380-022-01616-5",

language = "English",

volume = "27",

pages = "3731--3737",

journal = "Molecular Psychiatry",

issn = "1359-4184",

publisher = "Nature Research",

number = "9",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Obesity and brain structure in schizophrenia - ENIGMA study in 3021 individuals

AU - McWhinney, Sean R

AU - Brosch, Katharina

AU - Calhoun, Vince D

AU - Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto

AU - Crossley, Nicolas A

AU - Dannlowski, Udo

AU - Dickie, Erin

AU - Dietze, Lorielle M F

AU - Donohoe, Gary

AU - Du Plessis, Stefan

AU - Ehrlich, Stefan

AU - Emsley, Robin

AU - Furstova, Petra

AU - Glahn, David C

AU - Gonzalez-Valderrama, Alfonso

AU - Grotegerd, Dominik

AU - Holleran, Laurena

AU - Kircher, Tilo T J

AU - Knytl, Pavel

AU - Kolenic, Marian

AU - Lencer, Rebekka

AU - Nenadić, Igor

AU - Opel, Nils

AU - Pfarr, Julia-Katharina

AU - Rodrigue, Amanda L

AU - Rootes-Murdy, Kelly

AU - Ross, Alex J

AU - Sim, Kang

AU - Škoch, Antonín

AU - Spaniel, Filip

AU - Stein, Frederike

AU - Švancer, Patrik

AU - Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana

AU - Undurraga, Juan

AU - Váquez-Bourgon, Javier

AU - Voineskos, Aristotle

AU - Walton, Esther

AU - Weickert, Thomas W

AU - Weickert, Cynthia Shannon

AU - Thompson, Paul M

AU - van Erp, Theo G M

AU - Turner, Jessica A

AU - Hajek, Tomas

N1 - Nicolas Crossley et al. were supported by the Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, Chile, through its grants PIA ACT1414, ANID-PIA-ACT 192064, and FONDECYT regular 1200601. This work was funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG, grant FOR2107 DA1151/5-1 and DA1151/5-2 to UD; SFB-TRR58, Projects C09 and Z02 to UD) and the Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) of the medical faculty of Münster (grant Dan3/012/17 to UD). The NUDZ and IKEM sites were supported by funding from the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic (16-32791A, NU20-04-00393) and conceptual development of research organization (Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine – IKEM, IN 00023001). This work was also funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG grant FOR2107, KI588/14-1 and FOR2107, KI588/14-2 to Tilo Kircher, Marburg, Germany), as well as, the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, EU and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), grants NE2254/1-2, NE2254/3-1, NE2254/4-1. Additional support provided by research grants from the National Healthcare Group, Singapore (SIG/05004; SIG/05028), and the Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (RP C009/2006) research grants awarded to Kang Sim. Esther Walton was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Early Cause, grant n° 848158). Funding for Thomas Weickert was provided by the National Health and Medical Research Council Australia Project Grant 568807; New South Wales Health, University of New South Wales, Neuroscience Research Australia and the Schizophrenia Research Institute. Gary Donahoe’s research was funded by the European Research Council 677467 and Science Foundation Ireland 16/ERCS/3787. Lastly, Tomas Hajek was supported by funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (103703 , 106469 and 142255), Nova Scotia Health Research Foundation, Dalhousie Clinical Research Scholarship to T. Hajek, Brain & Behavior Research Foundation (formerly NARSAD); 2007 Young Investigator and 2015 Independent Investigator Awards to T. Hajek.

PY - 2022/9/30

Y1 - 2022/9/30

N2 - Schizophrenia is frequently associated with obesity, which is linked with neurostructural alterations. Yet, we do not understand how the brain correlates of obesity map onto the brain changes in schizophrenia. We obtained MRI-derived brain cortical and subcortical measures and body mass index (BMI) from 1260 individuals with schizophrenia and 1761 controls from 12 independent research sites within the ENIGMA-Schizophrenia Working Group. We jointly modeled the statistical effects of schizophrenia and BMI using mixed effects. BMI was additively associated with structure of many of the same brain regions as schizophrenia, but the cortical and subcortical alterations in schizophrenia were more widespread and pronounced. Both BMI and schizophrenia were primarily associated with changes in cortical thickness, with fewer correlates in surface area. While, BMI was negatively associated with cortical thickness, the significant associations between BMI and surface area or subcortical volumes were positive. Lastly, the brain correlates of obesity were replicated among large studies and closely resembled neurostructural changes in major depressive disorders. We confirmed widespread associations between BMI and brain structure in individuals with schizophrenia. People with both obesity and schizophrenia showed more pronounced brain alterations than people with only one of these conditions. Obesity appears to be a relevant factor which could account for heterogeneity of brain imaging findings and for differences in brain imaging outcomes among people with schizophrenia.

AB - Schizophrenia is frequently associated with obesity, which is linked with neurostructural alterations. Yet, we do not understand how the brain correlates of obesity map onto the brain changes in schizophrenia. We obtained MRI-derived brain cortical and subcortical measures and body mass index (BMI) from 1260 individuals with schizophrenia and 1761 controls from 12 independent research sites within the ENIGMA-Schizophrenia Working Group. We jointly modeled the statistical effects of schizophrenia and BMI using mixed effects. BMI was additively associated with structure of many of the same brain regions as schizophrenia, but the cortical and subcortical alterations in schizophrenia were more widespread and pronounced. Both BMI and schizophrenia were primarily associated with changes in cortical thickness, with fewer correlates in surface area. While, BMI was negatively associated with cortical thickness, the significant associations between BMI and surface area or subcortical volumes were positive. Lastly, the brain correlates of obesity were replicated among large studies and closely resembled neurostructural changes in major depressive disorders. We confirmed widespread associations between BMI and brain structure in individuals with schizophrenia. People with both obesity and schizophrenia showed more pronounced brain alterations than people with only one of these conditions. Obesity appears to be a relevant factor which could account for heterogeneity of brain imaging findings and for differences in brain imaging outcomes among people with schizophrenia.

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U2 - 10.1038/s41380-022-01616-5

DO - 10.1038/s41380-022-01616-5

M3 - Article

C2 - 35739320

SN - 1359-4184

VL - 27

SP - 3731

EP - 3737

JO - Molecular Psychiatry

JF - Molecular Psychiatry

IS - 9

ER -

Obesity and brain structure in schizophrenia - ENIGMA study in 3021 individuals

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