O ciberespaço e a guerra na Ucrânia

The invasion of Ukraine by Russia was expected to be accompanied by the deployment of large-scale cyberattacks. While cyber capabilities have undeniably played a supporting role in the conflict, the sophistication and intensity have been limited overall, partly by the strengthened Ukrainian defences and the unprecedented role of third parties, including states, private corporations, and civilian hacking groups. This paper examines the cyber-dimension of the conflict. It explores the lessons that can be learnt from this case study about cyber capabilities in warfare and how IR scholars study future (cyber) conflicts.