Non-symmetric stacking sequences to aid manufacture

Achieving high quality, low defect manufacture is essential for modern composite aerospace structures. This reduces expensive scrapping of parts and avoids significant knock-down factors in performance. A demonstrator C-section with tapering thickness has been produced with a novel (non-symmetric) stacking sequence, alongside a baseline with a conventional, symmetric stacking sequence. The resulting quality of manufacture of the two stacking sequences has been analysed, with all other variables equal, in order to determine the potential benefit associated with the novel design. The novel laminate achieved better consolidation, with greater trapped air removal, and reduced the level of warping during manufacture. It also offers greater potential for optimised taper without elastic coupling.