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Abstract
The hydroformylation of 1-hexene with 12 bar of 1:1 H2/CO in the presence of the catalytic system [Rh(acac)(CO)2]/PPh3 was successfully studied by real-time multinuclear high-resolution FlowNMR spectroscopy at 50 °C. Quantitative reaction progress curves that yield rates as well chemo- and regioselectivities have been obtained with varying P/Rh loadings. Dissolved H2 can be monitored in solution to ensure true operando conditions without gas limitation. 31P{1H} and selective excitation 1H pulse sequences were periodically interleaved with 1H FlowNMR measurements to correlate the reaction progress with Rh-phosphine intermediates. Stopped-flow experiments in combination with diffusion measurements and 2D heteronuclear correlation experiments showed the known tris-phosphine complex [RhH(CO)(PPh3)3] to generate rapidly exchanging isomers of the bis-phosphine complex [Rh(CO)2(PPh3)2] under CO pressure that directly enter the catalytic cycle. A mono-phosphine acyl complex has been identified as a late stage in-cycle reaction intermediate.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 422-442 |
Journal | Faraday Discussions |
Volume | 229 |
Early online date | 26 Mar 2020 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 May 2021 |
Funding
This work was supported by the Royal Society (UF160458; fellowship to UH), the EPSRC Dynamic Reaction Monitoring Facility (EP/P001475/1), and the EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Catalysis (EP/L016443; studentship to ABE). The authors thank Dr Christopher Kubis (LIKAT, Germany) for useful discussions and help with pump congurations.
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An Integrated, Multi-Dimensional In-Operando Reaction Monitoring Facility for Homogenous Catalysis Research
Davidson, M. (PI), Hintermair, U. (CoI), Knight, J. (CoI), Lowe, J. (CoI) & Lubben, A. T. (CoI)
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
10/07/16 → 9/07/19
Project: Research council