Abstract
Newly generated neurons pass through a series of well-defined developmental stages, which allow them to integrate into existing neuronal circuits. After exit from the cell cycle, postmitotic neurons undergo neuronal migration, axonal elongation, axon pruning, dendrite morphogenesis and synaptic maturation and plasticity. Lack of a global metabolic analysis during early cortical neuronal development led us to explore the role of cellular metabolism and mitochondrial biology during ex vivo differentiation of primary cortical neurons. Unexpectedly, we observed a huge increase in mitochondrial biogenesis. Changes in mitochondrial mass, morphology and function were correlated with the upregulation of the master regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis, TFAM and PGC-1α. Concomitant with mitochondrial biogenesis, we observed an increase in glucose metabolism during neuronal differentiation, which was linked to an increase in glucose uptake and enhanced GLUT3 mRNA expression and platelet isoform of phosphofructokinase 1 (PFKp) protein expression. In addition, glutamate-glutamine metabolism was also increased during the differentiation of cortical neurons. We identified PI3K-Akt-mTOR signalling as a critical regulator role of energy metabolism in neurons. Selective pharmacological inhibition of these metabolic pathways indicate existence of metabolic checkpoint that need to be satisfied in order to allow neuronal differentiation.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 1502-1514 |
Number of pages | 13 |
Journal | Cell Death and Differentiation |
Volume | 23 |
Issue number | 9 |
Early online date | 8 Apr 2016 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Sept 2016 |
Funding
We thank Tim Smith and Maria Guerra Martin for their technical support in transmission electron microscopy. We thank Professor Kelvin Cain for his assistance in the Seahorse experiments. We thank the staff members of the animal facility at University of Leicester. We thank Professor Alessandro Finazzi-Agro' and Dr. Ivano Amelio for scientific discussion. This work has been supported by the Medical Research Council, UK. This work was supported by AIRC IG grant (2014-IG15653), AIRC5xmille grant (2010-MCO no. 9979) and Fondazione Roma NCDs grant awarded to GM.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Molecular Biology
- Cell Biology