TY - JOUR
T1 - Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Winds and Tidal Variations During the 2019 Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming
AU - Liu, Guiping
AU - Janches, Diego
AU - Ma, Jun
AU - Lieberman, Ruth S.
AU - Stober, Gunter
AU - Moffat-Griffin, Tracy
AU - Mitchell, Nicholas J.
AU - Kim, Jeong Han
AU - Lee, Changsup
AU - Murphy, Damian J.
N1 - Funding Information:
Dr. John McCormack provided the NAVGEM-HA analysis and contributed to the evaluation of the data and the drafting of the manuscript. We thank him for valuable discussions and suggestions. The operation of the SAAMER radar at Tierra del Feugo is supported by NASA SSO program and NESC assessment T1-17-0120. The authors appreciate the invaluable support of Jose Luis Hormaechea, Carlos Ferrer, Gerardo Connon, Luis Barbero, and Leandro Mazlov with the operation of SAAMER. SAAMER operations are partially supported through a Memorandum of Understanding between the University of La Plata and the Catholic University of America. We would like to thank the government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands for their cooperation. The King Edward Point (KEP) and Rothera radars were supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) under Grants NE/K015117/1, NE/R001235/1, NE/R001391/1, and NE/K012614. The South Georgia meteor radar at KEP was installed by N. J. Mitchell and BAS in 2016, and it was supported by the SGWEX and DRAGON-WEX grants for which N. J. Mitchell and T. Moffat-Griffin were investigators. J.-H. Kim and C. Lee were supported by the Grant PE22020 from Korea Polar Research Institute. Support for the operation of the Davis meteor radar has been provided through Australian Antarctic Science project 4445. J. Ma was partially supported by NASA's Heliophysics Guest Investigator Program NNH19ZDA001N-HGIO.
Funding Information:
Dr. John McCormack provided the NAVGEM‐HA analysis and contributed to the evaluation of the data and the drafting of the manuscript. We thank him for valuable discussions and suggestions. The operation of the SAAMER radar at Tierra del Feugo is supported by NASA SSO program and NESC assessment T1‐17‐0120. The authors appreciate the invaluable support of Jose Luis Hormaechea, Carlos Ferrer, Gerardo Connon, Luis Barbero, and Leandro Mazlov with the operation of SAAMER. SAAMER operations are partially supported through a Memorandum of Understanding between the University of La Plata and the Catholic University of America. We would like to thank the government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands for their cooperation. The King Edward Point (KEP) and Rothera radars were supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) under Grants NE/K015117/1, NE/R001235/1, NE/R001391/1, and NE/K012614. The South Georgia meteor radar at KEP was installed by N. J. Mitchell and BAS in 2016, and it was supported by the SGWEX and DRAGON‐WEX grants for which N. J. Mitchell and T. Moffat‐Griffin were investigators. J.‐H. Kim and C. Lee were supported by the Grant PE22020 from Korea Polar Research Institute. Support for the operation of the Davis meteor radar has been provided through Australian Antarctic Science project 4445. J. Ma was partially supported by NASA's Heliophysics Guest Investigator Program NNH19ZDA001N‐HGIO.
PY - 2022/3/30
Y1 - 2022/3/30
N2 - Realistic modeling of the winds and dynamical variations in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) at Southern Hemisphere (SH) mid-to-high latitudes near 60°S where dramatic motions occur has been a challenge. This work presents an evaluation of the MLT zonal and meridional winds from ∼80 to 98 km altitude produced by the high-altitude version of the Navy Global Environmental Model (NAVGEM-HA) numerical weather prediction system during the Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) in September 2019. These results are compared with the coincident measurements by five meteor radars at Tierra del Fuego (TDF; 53.7°S, 67.7°W), King Edward Point (KEP; 54.3°S, 36.5°W), King Sejong Station (KSS; 62.2°S, 58.8°W), Rothera (ROT; 67.5°S, 68.0°W), and Davis (DAV; 68.6°S, 78.0°E) across SH mid-to-high latitudes. We find that the day-to-day variations in NAVGEM-HA winds related to tidal motions are overall consistent with variations in the radar winds, and the daily mean winds have a correlation of 0.7–0.9 between them. Three-hourly NAVGEM-HA winds have a correlation of ∼0.5 and mean difference <10 m/s to the radar observations at most stations, and the Root Mean Square (RMS) error ranges from ∼25 to 35 m/s. Above 90 km altitude, the correlation coefficient decreases, and the difference and RMS error increase, indicating an upper limit to the validity of the NAVGEM-HA results. Both the analyzed and observed winds reveal an enhancement in diurnal and semidiurnal tidal amplitude during this SH SSW. NAVGEM-HA shows some evidence that nonmigrating tidal enhancements are produced through the interaction of migrating tides with planetary waves.
AB - Realistic modeling of the winds and dynamical variations in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) at Southern Hemisphere (SH) mid-to-high latitudes near 60°S where dramatic motions occur has been a challenge. This work presents an evaluation of the MLT zonal and meridional winds from ∼80 to 98 km altitude produced by the high-altitude version of the Navy Global Environmental Model (NAVGEM-HA) numerical weather prediction system during the Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) in September 2019. These results are compared with the coincident measurements by five meteor radars at Tierra del Fuego (TDF; 53.7°S, 67.7°W), King Edward Point (KEP; 54.3°S, 36.5°W), King Sejong Station (KSS; 62.2°S, 58.8°W), Rothera (ROT; 67.5°S, 68.0°W), and Davis (DAV; 68.6°S, 78.0°E) across SH mid-to-high latitudes. We find that the day-to-day variations in NAVGEM-HA winds related to tidal motions are overall consistent with variations in the radar winds, and the daily mean winds have a correlation of 0.7–0.9 between them. Three-hourly NAVGEM-HA winds have a correlation of ∼0.5 and mean difference <10 m/s to the radar observations at most stations, and the Root Mean Square (RMS) error ranges from ∼25 to 35 m/s. Above 90 km altitude, the correlation coefficient decreases, and the difference and RMS error increase, indicating an upper limit to the validity of the NAVGEM-HA results. Both the analyzed and observed winds reveal an enhancement in diurnal and semidiurnal tidal amplitude during this SH SSW. NAVGEM-HA shows some evidence that nonmigrating tidal enhancements are produced through the interaction of migrating tides with planetary waves.
KW - Antarctic stratospheric warming
KW - high altitude data assimilation system
KW - mesosphere and lower thermosphere
KW - meteor radar winds
KW - tides
KW - upper atmosphere
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85127274987&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1029/2021JA030177
DO - 10.1029/2021JA030177
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85127274987
VL - 127
JO - Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
JF - Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
SN - 2169-9380
IS - 3
M1 - e2021JA030177
ER -