Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Winds and Tidal Variations During the 2019 Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming

Guiping Liu; Diego Janches; Jun Ma; Ruth S. Lieberman; Gunter Stober; Tracy Moffat-Griffin; Nicholas J. Mitchell; Jeong Han Kim; Changsup Lee; Damian J. Murphy

doi:10.1029/2021JA030177

Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Winds and Tidal Variations During the 2019 Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming

Guiping Liu, Diego Janches, Jun Ma, Ruth S. Lieberman, Gunter Stober, Tracy Moffat-Griffin, Nicholas J. Mitchell, Jeong Han Kim, Changsup Lee, Damian J. Murphy

Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

14 Citations (SciVal)

Abstract

Realistic modeling of the winds and dynamical variations in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) at Southern Hemisphere (SH) mid-to-high latitudes near 60°S where dramatic motions occur has been a challenge. This work presents an evaluation of the MLT zonal and meridional winds from ∼80 to 98 km altitude produced by the high-altitude version of the Navy Global Environmental Model (NAVGEM-HA) numerical weather prediction system during the Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) in September 2019. These results are compared with the coincident measurements by five meteor radars at Tierra del Fuego (TDF; 53.7°S, 67.7°W), King Edward Point (KEP; 54.3°S, 36.5°W), King Sejong Station (KSS; 62.2°S, 58.8°W), Rothera (ROT; 67.5°S, 68.0°W), and Davis (DAV; 68.6°S, 78.0°E) across SH mid-to-high latitudes. We find that the day-to-day variations in NAVGEM-HA winds related to tidal motions are overall consistent with variations in the radar winds, and the daily mean winds have a correlation of 0.7–0.9 between them. Three-hourly NAVGEM-HA winds have a correlation of ∼0.5 and mean difference <10 m/s to the radar observations at most stations, and the Root Mean Square (RMS) error ranges from ∼25 to 35 m/s. Above 90 km altitude, the correlation coefficient decreases, and the difference and RMS error increase, indicating an upper limit to the validity of the NAVGEM-HA results. Both the analyzed and observed winds reveal an enhancement in diurnal and semidiurnal tidal amplitude during this SH SSW. NAVGEM-HA shows some evidence that nonmigrating tidal enhancements are produced through the interaction of migrating tides with planetary waves.

Original language	English
Article number	e2021JA030177
Journal	Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
Volume	127
Issue number	3
Early online date	9 Mar 2022
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA030177
Publication status	Published - 30 Mar 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Dr. John McCormack provided the NAVGEM-HA analysis and contributed to the evaluation of the data and the drafting of the manuscript. We thank him for valuable discussions and suggestions. The operation of the SAAMER radar at Tierra del Feugo is supported by NASA SSO program and NESC assessment T1-17-0120. The authors appreciate the invaluable support of Jose Luis Hormaechea, Carlos Ferrer, Gerardo Connon, Luis Barbero, and Leandro Mazlov with the operation of SAAMER. SAAMER operations are partially supported through a Memorandum of Understanding between the University of La Plata and the Catholic University of America. We would like to thank the government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands for their cooperation. The King Edward Point (KEP) and Rothera radars were supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) under Grants NE/K015117/1, NE/R001235/1, NE/R001391/1, and NE/K012614. The South Georgia meteor radar at KEP was installed by N. J. Mitchell and BAS in 2016, and it was supported by the SGWEX and DRAGON-WEX grants for which N. J. Mitchell and T. Moffat-Griffin were investigators. J.-H. Kim and C. Lee were supported by the Grant PE22020 from Korea Polar Research Institute. Support for the operation of the Davis meteor radar has been provided through Australian Antarctic Science project 4445. J. Ma was partially supported by NASA's Heliophysics Guest Investigator Program NNH19ZDA001N-HGIO.

Funding Information:
Dr. John McCormack provided the NAVGEM‐HA analysis and contributed to the evaluation of the data and the drafting of the manuscript. We thank him for valuable discussions and suggestions. The operation of the SAAMER radar at Tierra del Feugo is supported by NASA SSO program and NESC assessment T1‐17‐0120. The authors appreciate the invaluable support of Jose Luis Hormaechea, Carlos Ferrer, Gerardo Connon, Luis Barbero, and Leandro Mazlov with the operation of SAAMER. SAAMER operations are partially supported through a Memorandum of Understanding between the University of La Plata and the Catholic University of America. We would like to thank the government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands for their cooperation. The King Edward Point (KEP) and Rothera radars were supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) under Grants NE/K015117/1, NE/R001235/1, NE/R001391/1, and NE/K012614. The South Georgia meteor radar at KEP was installed by N. J. Mitchell and BAS in 2016, and it was supported by the SGWEX and DRAGON‐WEX grants for which N. J. Mitchell and T. Moffat‐Griffin were investigators. J.‐H. Kim and C. Lee were supported by the Grant PE22020 from Korea Polar Research Institute. Support for the operation of the Davis meteor radar has been provided through Australian Antarctic Science project 4445. J. Ma was partially supported by NASA's Heliophysics Guest Investigator Program NNH19ZDA001N‐HGIO.

Funding

Dr. John McCormack provided the NAVGEM-HA analysis and contributed to the evaluation of the data and the drafting of the manuscript. We thank him for valuable discussions and suggestions. The operation of the SAAMER radar at Tierra del Feugo is supported by NASA SSO program and NESC assessment T1-17-0120. The authors appreciate the invaluable support of Jose Luis Hormaechea, Carlos Ferrer, Gerardo Connon, Luis Barbero, and Leandro Mazlov with the operation of SAAMER. SAAMER operations are partially supported through a Memorandum of Understanding between the University of La Plata and the Catholic University of America. We would like to thank the government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands for their cooperation. The King Edward Point (KEP) and Rothera radars were supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) under Grants NE/K015117/1, NE/R001235/1, NE/R001391/1, and NE/K012614. The South Georgia meteor radar at KEP was installed by N. J. Mitchell and BAS in 2016, and it was supported by the SGWEX and DRAGON-WEX grants for which N. J. Mitchell and T. Moffat-Griffin were investigators. J.-H. Kim and C. Lee were supported by the Grant PE22020 from Korea Polar Research Institute. Support for the operation of the Davis meteor radar has been provided through Australian Antarctic Science project 4445. J. Ma was partially supported by NASA's Heliophysics Guest Investigator Program NNH19ZDA001N-HGIO. Dr. John McCormack provided the NAVGEM‐HA analysis and contributed to the evaluation of the data and the drafting of the manuscript. We thank him for valuable discussions and suggestions. The operation of the SAAMER radar at Tierra del Feugo is supported by NASA SSO program and NESC assessment T1‐17‐0120. The authors appreciate the invaluable support of Jose Luis Hormaechea, Carlos Ferrer, Gerardo Connon, Luis Barbero, and Leandro Mazlov with the operation of SAAMER. SAAMER operations are partially supported through a Memorandum of Understanding between the University of La Plata and the Catholic University of America. We would like to thank the government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands for their cooperation. The King Edward Point (KEP) and Rothera radars were supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) under Grants NE/K015117/1, NE/R001235/1, NE/R001391/1, and NE/K012614. The South Georgia meteor radar at KEP was installed by N. J. Mitchell and BAS in 2016, and it was supported by the SGWEX and DRAGON‐WEX grants for which N. J. Mitchell and T. Moffat‐Griffin were investigators. J.‐H. Kim and C. Lee were supported by the Grant PE22020 from Korea Polar Research Institute. Support for the operation of the Davis meteor radar has been provided through Australian Antarctic Science project 4445. J. Ma was partially supported by NASA's Heliophysics Guest Investigator Program NNH19ZDA001N‐HGIO.

Keywords

Antarctic stratospheric warming
high altitude data assimilation system
mesosphere and lower thermosphere
meteor radar winds
tides
upper atmosphere

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Space and Planetary Science
Geophysics

Access to Document

10.1029/2021JA030177

Cite this

Liu, G., Janches, D., Ma, J., Lieberman, R. S., Stober, G., Moffat-Griffin, T., Mitchell, N. J., Kim, J. H., Lee, C., & Murphy, D. J. (2022). Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Winds and Tidal Variations During the 2019 Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 127(3), Article e2021JA030177. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA030177

@article{ec60b9877178400ebd26cd8eb8a2a306,

title = "Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Winds and Tidal Variations During the 2019 Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming",

abstract = "Realistic modeling of the winds and dynamical variations in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) at Southern Hemisphere (SH) mid-to-high latitudes near 60°S where dramatic motions occur has been a challenge. This work presents an evaluation of the MLT zonal and meridional winds from ∼80 to 98 km altitude produced by the high-altitude version of the Navy Global Environmental Model (NAVGEM-HA) numerical weather prediction system during the Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) in September 2019. These results are compared with the coincident measurements by five meteor radars at Tierra del Fuego (TDF; 53.7°S, 67.7°W), King Edward Point (KEP; 54.3°S, 36.5°W), King Sejong Station (KSS; 62.2°S, 58.8°W), Rothera (ROT; 67.5°S, 68.0°W), and Davis (DAV; 68.6°S, 78.0°E) across SH mid-to-high latitudes. We find that the day-to-day variations in NAVGEM-HA winds related to tidal motions are overall consistent with variations in the radar winds, and the daily mean winds have a correlation of 0.7–0.9 between them. Three-hourly NAVGEM-HA winds have a correlation of ∼0.5 and mean difference <10 m/s to the radar observations at most stations, and the Root Mean Square (RMS) error ranges from ∼25 to 35 m/s. Above 90 km altitude, the correlation coefficient decreases, and the difference and RMS error increase, indicating an upper limit to the validity of the NAVGEM-HA results. Both the analyzed and observed winds reveal an enhancement in diurnal and semidiurnal tidal amplitude during this SH SSW. NAVGEM-HA shows some evidence that nonmigrating tidal enhancements are produced through the interaction of migrating tides with planetary waves.",

keywords = "Antarctic stratospheric warming, high altitude data assimilation system, mesosphere and lower thermosphere, meteor radar winds, tides, upper atmosphere",

author = "Guiping Liu and Diego Janches and Jun Ma and Lieberman, {Ruth S.} and Gunter Stober and Tracy Moffat-Griffin and Mitchell, {Nicholas J.} and Kim, {Jeong Han} and Changsup Lee and Murphy, {Damian J.}",

note = "Funding Information: Dr. John McCormack provided the NAVGEM-HA analysis and contributed to the evaluation of the data and the drafting of the manuscript. We thank him for valuable discussions and suggestions. The operation of the SAAMER radar at Tierra del Feugo is supported by NASA SSO program and NESC assessment T1-17-0120. The authors appreciate the invaluable support of Jose Luis Hormaechea, Carlos Ferrer, Gerardo Connon, Luis Barbero, and Leandro Mazlov with the operation of SAAMER. SAAMER operations are partially supported through a Memorandum of Understanding between the University of La Plata and the Catholic University of America. We would like to thank the government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands for their cooperation. The King Edward Point (KEP) and Rothera radars were supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) under Grants NE/K015117/1, NE/R001235/1, NE/R001391/1, and NE/K012614. The South Georgia meteor radar at KEP was installed by N. J. Mitchell and BAS in 2016, and it was supported by the SGWEX and DRAGON-WEX grants for which N. J. Mitchell and T. Moffat-Griffin were investigators. J.-H. Kim and C. Lee were supported by the Grant PE22020 from Korea Polar Research Institute. Support for the operation of the Davis meteor radar has been provided through Australian Antarctic Science project 4445. J. Ma was partially supported by NASA's Heliophysics Guest Investigator Program NNH19ZDA001N-HGIO. Funding Information: Dr. John McCormack provided the NAVGEM‐HA analysis and contributed to the evaluation of the data and the drafting of the manuscript. We thank him for valuable discussions and suggestions. The operation of the SAAMER radar at Tierra del Feugo is supported by NASA SSO program and NESC assessment T1‐17‐0120. The authors appreciate the invaluable support of Jose Luis Hormaechea, Carlos Ferrer, Gerardo Connon, Luis Barbero, and Leandro Mazlov with the operation of SAAMER. SAAMER operations are partially supported through a Memorandum of Understanding between the University of La Plata and the Catholic University of America. We would like to thank the government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands for their cooperation. The King Edward Point (KEP) and Rothera radars were supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) under Grants NE/K015117/1, NE/R001235/1, NE/R001391/1, and NE/K012614. The South Georgia meteor radar at KEP was installed by N. J. Mitchell and BAS in 2016, and it was supported by the SGWEX and DRAGON‐WEX grants for which N. J. Mitchell and T. Moffat‐Griffin were investigators. J.‐H. Kim and C. Lee were supported by the Grant PE22020 from Korea Polar Research Institute. Support for the operation of the Davis meteor radar has been provided through Australian Antarctic Science project 4445. J. Ma was partially supported by NASA's Heliophysics Guest Investigator Program NNH19ZDA001N‐HGIO. ",

year = "2022",

month = mar,

day = "30",

doi = "10.1029/2021JA030177",

language = "English",

volume = "127",

journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics",

issn = "2169-9380",

publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",

number = "3",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Winds and Tidal Variations During the 2019 Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming

AU - Liu, Guiping

AU - Janches, Diego

AU - Ma, Jun

AU - Lieberman, Ruth S.

AU - Stober, Gunter

AU - Moffat-Griffin, Tracy

AU - Mitchell, Nicholas J.

AU - Kim, Jeong Han

AU - Lee, Changsup

AU - Murphy, Damian J.

N1 - Funding Information: Dr. John McCormack provided the NAVGEM-HA analysis and contributed to the evaluation of the data and the drafting of the manuscript. We thank him for valuable discussions and suggestions. The operation of the SAAMER radar at Tierra del Feugo is supported by NASA SSO program and NESC assessment T1-17-0120. The authors appreciate the invaluable support of Jose Luis Hormaechea, Carlos Ferrer, Gerardo Connon, Luis Barbero, and Leandro Mazlov with the operation of SAAMER. SAAMER operations are partially supported through a Memorandum of Understanding between the University of La Plata and the Catholic University of America. We would like to thank the government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands for their cooperation. The King Edward Point (KEP) and Rothera radars were supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) under Grants NE/K015117/1, NE/R001235/1, NE/R001391/1, and NE/K012614. The South Georgia meteor radar at KEP was installed by N. J. Mitchell and BAS in 2016, and it was supported by the SGWEX and DRAGON-WEX grants for which N. J. Mitchell and T. Moffat-Griffin were investigators. J.-H. Kim and C. Lee were supported by the Grant PE22020 from Korea Polar Research Institute. Support for the operation of the Davis meteor radar has been provided through Australian Antarctic Science project 4445. J. Ma was partially supported by NASA's Heliophysics Guest Investigator Program NNH19ZDA001N-HGIO. Funding Information: Dr. John McCormack provided the NAVGEM‐HA analysis and contributed to the evaluation of the data and the drafting of the manuscript. We thank him for valuable discussions and suggestions. The operation of the SAAMER radar at Tierra del Feugo is supported by NASA SSO program and NESC assessment T1‐17‐0120. The authors appreciate the invaluable support of Jose Luis Hormaechea, Carlos Ferrer, Gerardo Connon, Luis Barbero, and Leandro Mazlov with the operation of SAAMER. SAAMER operations are partially supported through a Memorandum of Understanding between the University of La Plata and the Catholic University of America. We would like to thank the government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands for their cooperation. The King Edward Point (KEP) and Rothera radars were supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) under Grants NE/K015117/1, NE/R001235/1, NE/R001391/1, and NE/K012614. The South Georgia meteor radar at KEP was installed by N. J. Mitchell and BAS in 2016, and it was supported by the SGWEX and DRAGON‐WEX grants for which N. J. Mitchell and T. Moffat‐Griffin were investigators. J.‐H. Kim and C. Lee were supported by the Grant PE22020 from Korea Polar Research Institute. Support for the operation of the Davis meteor radar has been provided through Australian Antarctic Science project 4445. J. Ma was partially supported by NASA's Heliophysics Guest Investigator Program NNH19ZDA001N‐HGIO.

PY - 2022/3/30

Y1 - 2022/3/30

N2 - Realistic modeling of the winds and dynamical variations in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) at Southern Hemisphere (SH) mid-to-high latitudes near 60°S where dramatic motions occur has been a challenge. This work presents an evaluation of the MLT zonal and meridional winds from ∼80 to 98 km altitude produced by the high-altitude version of the Navy Global Environmental Model (NAVGEM-HA) numerical weather prediction system during the Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) in September 2019. These results are compared with the coincident measurements by five meteor radars at Tierra del Fuego (TDF; 53.7°S, 67.7°W), King Edward Point (KEP; 54.3°S, 36.5°W), King Sejong Station (KSS; 62.2°S, 58.8°W), Rothera (ROT; 67.5°S, 68.0°W), and Davis (DAV; 68.6°S, 78.0°E) across SH mid-to-high latitudes. We find that the day-to-day variations in NAVGEM-HA winds related to tidal motions are overall consistent with variations in the radar winds, and the daily mean winds have a correlation of 0.7–0.9 between them. Three-hourly NAVGEM-HA winds have a correlation of ∼0.5 and mean difference <10 m/s to the radar observations at most stations, and the Root Mean Square (RMS) error ranges from ∼25 to 35 m/s. Above 90 km altitude, the correlation coefficient decreases, and the difference and RMS error increase, indicating an upper limit to the validity of the NAVGEM-HA results. Both the analyzed and observed winds reveal an enhancement in diurnal and semidiurnal tidal amplitude during this SH SSW. NAVGEM-HA shows some evidence that nonmigrating tidal enhancements are produced through the interaction of migrating tides with planetary waves.

AB - Realistic modeling of the winds and dynamical variations in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) at Southern Hemisphere (SH) mid-to-high latitudes near 60°S where dramatic motions occur has been a challenge. This work presents an evaluation of the MLT zonal and meridional winds from ∼80 to 98 km altitude produced by the high-altitude version of the Navy Global Environmental Model (NAVGEM-HA) numerical weather prediction system during the Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) in September 2019. These results are compared with the coincident measurements by five meteor radars at Tierra del Fuego (TDF; 53.7°S, 67.7°W), King Edward Point (KEP; 54.3°S, 36.5°W), King Sejong Station (KSS; 62.2°S, 58.8°W), Rothera (ROT; 67.5°S, 68.0°W), and Davis (DAV; 68.6°S, 78.0°E) across SH mid-to-high latitudes. We find that the day-to-day variations in NAVGEM-HA winds related to tidal motions are overall consistent with variations in the radar winds, and the daily mean winds have a correlation of 0.7–0.9 between them. Three-hourly NAVGEM-HA winds have a correlation of ∼0.5 and mean difference <10 m/s to the radar observations at most stations, and the Root Mean Square (RMS) error ranges from ∼25 to 35 m/s. Above 90 km altitude, the correlation coefficient decreases, and the difference and RMS error increase, indicating an upper limit to the validity of the NAVGEM-HA results. Both the analyzed and observed winds reveal an enhancement in diurnal and semidiurnal tidal amplitude during this SH SSW. NAVGEM-HA shows some evidence that nonmigrating tidal enhancements are produced through the interaction of migrating tides with planetary waves.

KW - Antarctic stratospheric warming

KW - high altitude data assimilation system

KW - mesosphere and lower thermosphere

KW - meteor radar winds

KW - tides

KW - upper atmosphere

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85127274987&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1029/2021JA030177

DO - 10.1029/2021JA030177

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85127274987

SN - 2169-9380

VL - 127

JO - Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

JF - Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

IS - 3

M1 - e2021JA030177

ER -

Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Winds and Tidal Variations During the 2019 Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

DRAGON-WEX: The Drake Passage and Southern Ocean Wave Experiment

The South Georgia Wave Experiment (SG-WEX)

Cite this

Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Winds and Tidal Variations During the 2019 Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Projects

DRAGON-WEX: The Drake Passage and Southern Ocean Wave Experiment

The South Georgia Wave Experiment (SG-WEX)

Cite this