Abstract
T-lymphocyte trafficking is targeted to specific organs by selective molecular interactions depending on their differentiation and functional properties. Specific chemokine receptors have been associated with organ-specific trafficking of memory and effector T-cells, as well as the recirculation of naive T-cells to secondary lymphoid organs. In addition to the acquisition of tissue-selective integrins and chemokine receptors, an additional level of specificity for T-cell trafficking into the tissue is provide by specific recognition of antigen displayed by the endothelium involving the TCRs (T-cell antigen receptors) and co-stimulatory receptors. Activation of PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) is a robust signalling event shared by most chemokine receptors as well as the TCR and co-stimulatory receptors, contributing to several aspects of T-lymphocyte homing as well as actin reorganization and other components of the general migratory machinery. Accordingly, inhibition of PI3K has been considered seriously as a potential therapeutic strategy by which to combat various T-lymphocyte-dependent pathologies, including autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, as well as to prevent transplant rejection. However, there is substantial evidence for PI3K-independent mechanisms that facilitate T-lymphocyte migration. In this regard, several other signalling-pathway components, including small GTPases, PLC (phospholipase C) and PKC (protein kinase C) isoforms, have also been implicated in T-lymphocyte migration in response to chemokine stimulation. The present review will therefore examine the PI3K-dependent and -independent signal-transduction pathways involved in T-cell migration during distinct modes of T-cell trafficking in response to either chemokines or the TCR and co-stimulatory molecules.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 13-27 |
Number of pages | 15 |
Journal | Biochemical Journal |
Volume | 418 |
Issue number | 1 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2009 |
Keywords
- T-cell antigen receptor (TCR)
- migration
- chemokine
- phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)
- antigen
- lymphocyte