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MAJORS II: HCO+and HCN abundances in W40

René Plume, David J. Eden, Malcolm J. Currie, Lawrence K. Morgan, Xue Jian Jiang, James Difrancesco, Masatoshi Imanishi, Kee Tae Kim, Tie Liu, Raffaele Rani, Alessio Traficante, Jane Cohen, Neal J. Evans, Luis C. Ho, Eun Jung Chung, Sihan Jiao, Chang Won Lee, Dana Alina, Toby Moore, Jonathan M.C. RawlingsFlorian Kirchschlager, Sudeshna Patra, Andrew J. Rigby, Hsien Shang, Jihye Hwang, Patricio Sanhueza, Mark G. Rawlings, Kianoosh Tahani, Junfeng Wang, Kate Pattle, James S. Urquhart, Quang Nguyen-Luong, Sarah E. Ragan, Yang Su, Xindi Tang, Agata Karska, Michael G. Burton

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

We present observations of HCN and HCO J = in the central region of the W40 massive star-forming region. The observations were taken as part of a pilot project for the MAJORS large program at the JCMT telescope. By incorporating prior knowledge of N(H) and, assuming a constant density, and using the radex radiative transfer code we found that the HCN and HCO abundances range from X(HCN) = and X(HCO) =. Additional modelling using the nautilus chemical evolution code, which takes H density variations into account, however, suggests that the HCN and HCO abundances may be fairly constant. Careful modelling of three different positions finds X(HCN) = and X(HCO) =. Cross-comparison of the two models also provides a crude estimate of the gas density producing the HCN and HCO emission, with H densities in the range - cm, suggesting that the HCN and HCO emission does indeed arise from dense gas. High UV intensity (e.g. $]]> a few thousand) has no effect on the abundances in regions where the visual extinction is large enough to effectively shield the gas from the UV field. In regions where, however, the abundance of both species is lowered due to destructive reactions with species that are directly affected by the radiation field.

Original languageEnglish
Article numberstag186
JournalMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume547
Issue number3
Early online date27 Jan 2026
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Apr 2026

Data Availability Statement

The MAJORS survey and its data products are described fully in Eden et al. (in preparation). The associated download instructions are within that paper, or per request to the lead author. Observational data from the JCMT are publicly available through the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre (CADC) at https://www.cadc-ccda.hia-iha.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/en/ under the proposal IDs M22AL002 and M20AD003.

Keywords

  • ISM: abundances
  • ISM: clouds
  • ISM: molecules
  • stars: formation
  • surveys

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Astronomy and Astrophysics
  • Space and Planetary Science

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