Ionized Gas Kinematics with FRESCO: An Extended, Massive, Rapidly Rotating Galaxy at z = 5.4

Erica Nelson; Gabriel Brammer; Clara Giménez-Arteaga; Pascal a. Oesch; Rohan p. Naidu; Hannah Übler; Jasleen Matharu; Alice e. Shapley; Katherine e. Whitaker; Emily Wisnioski; Natascha m. Förster schreiber; Renske Smit; Pieter Van dokkum; John Chisholm; Ryan Endsley; Abigail i. Hartley; Justus Gibson; Emma Giovinazzo; Garth Illingworth; Ivo Labbe; Michael v. Maseda; Jorryt Matthee; Alba Covelo paz; Sedona h. Price; Naveen a. Reddy; Irene Shivaei; Andrea Weibel; Stijn Wuyts; Mengyuan Xiao; Stacey Alberts; William m. Baker; Andrew j. Bunker; Alex j. Cameron; Stephane Charlot; Daniel j. Eisenstein; Anna De graaff; Zhiyuan Ji; Benjamin d. Johnson; Roberto Maiolino; Brant Robertson; Lester Sandles; Katherine a. Suess; Sandro Tacchella; Christina c. Williams; Joris Witstok

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad7b17

Ionized Gas Kinematics with FRESCO: An Extended, Massive, Rapidly Rotating Galaxy at z = 5.4

Erica Nelson, Gabriel Brammer, Clara Giménez-Arteaga, Pascal a. Oesch, Rohan p. Naidu, Hannah Übler, Jasleen Matharu, Alice e. Shapley, Katherine e. Whitaker, Emily Wisnioski, Natascha m. Förster schreiber, Renske Smit, Pieter Van dokkum, John Chisholm, Ryan Endsley, Abigail i. Hartley, Justus Gibson, Emma Giovinazzo, Garth Illingworth, Ivo LabbeMichael v. Maseda, Jorryt Matthee, Alba Covelo paz, Sedona h. Price, Naveen a. Reddy, Irene Shivaei, Andrea Weibel, Stijn Wuyts, Mengyuan Xiao, Stacey Alberts, William m. Baker, Andrew j. Bunker, Alex j. Cameron, Stephane Charlot, Daniel j. Eisenstein, Anna De graaff, Zhiyuan Ji, Benjamin d. Johnson, Roberto Maiolino, Brant Robertson, Lester Sandles, Katherine a. Suess, Sandro Tacchella, Christina c. Williams, Joris Witstok

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

With the remarkable sensitivity and resolution of JWST in the infrared, measuring rest-optical kinematics of galaxies at z > 5 has become possible for the first time. This study pilots a new method for measuring galaxy dynamics for highly multiplexed, unbiased samples by combining FRESCO NIRCam grism spectroscopy and JADES medium-band imaging. Here we present one of the first JWST kinematic measurements for a galaxy at z > 5. We find a significant velocity gradient, which, if interpreted as rotation, yields V _rot = 305 ± 70 km s ⁻¹, and we hence refer to this galaxy as Twister-z5. With a rest-frame optical effective radius of r _e = 2.25 kpc, the high rotation velocity in this galaxy is not due to a compact size, as may be expected in the early Universe, but rather to a high total mass, log ( M dyn / M ⊙ ) = 11.2 ± 0.2 . This is a factor of roughly 10× higher than the stellar mass within r _e. We also observe that the radial Hα equivalent width profile and the specific star formation rate map from resolved stellar population modeling are centrally depressed by a factor of ∼1.5 from the center to r _e. Combined with the morphology of the line-emitting gas in comparison to the continuum, this centrally suppressed star formation is consistent with a star-forming disk surrounding a bulge growing inside out. While large, rapidly rotating disks are common to z ∼ 2, the existence of one after only 1 Gyr of cosmic time, shown for the first time in ionized gas, adds to the growing evidence that some galaxies matured earlier than expected in the history of the Universe.

Original language	English
Article number	L27
Journal	The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Volume	976
Issue number	2
Early online date	26 Nov 2024
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad7b17
Publication status	Published - 1 Dec 2024

Funding

We thank the reviewer and editorial staff for their excellent feedback and effort\u2014the manuscript is much stronger as a result. Support for this work was provided by NASA through grant JWST-GO-01895 awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. H.\u00DC. gratefully acknowledges support by the Isaac Newton Trust and by the Kavli Foundation through a Newton-Kavli Junior Fellowship. This work has received funding from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract No. MB22.00072, as well as from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) through project grant 200020_207349. The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant No. 140. R.S. acknowledges an STFC Ernest Rutherford Fellowship (ST/S004831/1). R.P.N. acknowledges support for this work provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51515.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. M.V.M. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation via AAG grant 2205519 and the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation via grant MSN251397. R.M. also acknowledges funding from a research professorship from the Royal Society. A.J.B., A.J.C., and G.C.J. acknowledge funding from the \u201CFirstGalaxies\u201D Advanced Grant from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 789056). I.L. acknowledges support by the Australian Research Council through Future Fellowship FT220100798. D.J.E. is supported as a Simons Investigator and by a JWST/NIRCam contract to the University of Arizona, NAS5-02015. R.M., J.W., L.S., and W.B. acknowledge support by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), the ERC through advanced grant 695671 \u201CQUENCH,\u201D and the UKRI Frontier Research grant RISEandFALL. B.E.R. acknowledges support from the NIRCam Science Team contract to the University of Arizona, NAS5-02015. The research of C.C.W. is supported by NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. The HST and JWST image mosaics of the FRESCO fields are released at MAST as a High Level Science Product (P. Oesch & D. Magee ).

Funders	Funder number
NOIRLab
Staatssekretariat für Bildung, Forschung und Innovation
Space Telescope Science Institute
Kavli Foundation
Isaac Newton Trust
NIRCam Science Team
Royal Society
European Research Council
UK Research and Innovation
National Aeronautics and Space Administration	JWST-GO-01895
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Danmarks Grundforskningsfond	NAS 5-26555, ST/S004831/1, 140
Danmarks Grundforskningsfond
National Science Foundation	200020_207349, 2205519
National Science Foundation
Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation	MSN251397
Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation
Spine Education and Research Institute	MB22.00072
Spine Education and Research Institute
University of Arizona	NAS5-02015
University of Arizona
Australian Research Council	FT220100798
Australian Research Council
Horizon 2020	789056
Horizon 2020
Science and Technology Facilities Council	695671
Science and Technology Facilities Council

Access to Document

10.3847/2041-8213/ad7b17Licence: CC BY

Cite this

Nelson, E., Brammer, G., Giménez-Arteaga, C., Oesch, P. A., Naidu, R. P., Übler, H., Matharu, J., Shapley, A. E., Whitaker, K. E., Wisnioski, E., Förster schreiber, N. M., Smit, R., Van dokkum, P., Chisholm, J., Endsley, R., Hartley, A. I., Gibson, J., Giovinazzo, E., Illingworth, G., ... Witstok, J. (2024). Ionized Gas Kinematics with FRESCO: An Extended, Massive, Rapidly Rotating Galaxy at z = 5.4. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 976(2), Article L27. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad7b17

Nelson, E, Brammer, G, Giménez-Arteaga, C, Oesch, PA, Naidu, RP, Übler, H, Matharu, J, Shapley, AE, Whitaker, KE, Wisnioski, E, Förster schreiber, NM, Smit, R, Van dokkum, P, Chisholm, J, Endsley, R, Hartley, AI, Gibson, J, Giovinazzo, E, Illingworth, G, Labbe, I, Maseda, MV, Matthee, J, Covelo paz, A, Price, SH, Reddy, NA, Shivaei, I, Weibel, A, Wuyts, S, Xiao, M, Alberts, S, Baker, WM, Bunker, AJ, Cameron, AJ, Charlot, S, Eisenstein, DJ, De graaff, A, Ji, Z, Johnson, BD, Maiolino, R, Robertson, B, Sandles, L, Suess, KA, Tacchella, S, Williams, CC & Witstok, J 2024, 'Ionized Gas Kinematics with FRESCO: An Extended, Massive, Rapidly Rotating Galaxy at z = 5.4', The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 976, no. 2, L27. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad7b17

@article{1f6221f091254a42a84a5accdedd1da8,

title = "Ionized Gas Kinematics with FRESCO: An Extended, Massive, Rapidly Rotating Galaxy at z = 5.4",

abstract = "With the remarkable sensitivity and resolution of JWST in the infrared, measuring rest-optical kinematics of galaxies at z > 5 has become possible for the first time. This study pilots a new method for measuring galaxy dynamics for highly multiplexed, unbiased samples by combining FRESCO NIRCam grism spectroscopy and JADES medium-band imaging. Here we present one of the first JWST kinematic measurements for a galaxy at z > 5. We find a significant velocity gradient, which, if interpreted as rotation, yields V rot = 305 ± 70 km s −1, and we hence refer to this galaxy as Twister-z5. With a rest-frame optical effective radius of r e = 2.25 kpc, the high rotation velocity in this galaxy is not due to a compact size, as may be expected in the early Universe, but rather to a high total mass, log ( M dyn / M ⊙ ) = 11.2 ± 0.2 . This is a factor of roughly 10× higher than the stellar mass within r e. We also observe that the radial Hα equivalent width profile and the specific star formation rate map from resolved stellar population modeling are centrally depressed by a factor of ∼1.5 from the center to r e. Combined with the morphology of the line-emitting gas in comparison to the continuum, this centrally suppressed star formation is consistent with a star-forming disk surrounding a bulge growing inside out. While large, rapidly rotating disks are common to z ∼ 2, the existence of one after only 1 Gyr of cosmic time, shown for the first time in ionized gas, adds to the growing evidence that some galaxies matured earlier than expected in the history of the Universe.",

author = "Erica Nelson and Gabriel Brammer and Clara Gim{\'e}nez-Arteaga and Oesch, {Pascal a.} and Naidu, {Rohan p.} and Hannah {\"U}bler and Jasleen Matharu and Shapley, {Alice e.} and Whitaker, {Katherine e.} and Emily Wisnioski and {F{\"o}rster schreiber}, {Natascha m.} and Renske Smit and {Van dokkum}, Pieter and John Chisholm and Ryan Endsley and Hartley, {Abigail i.} and Justus Gibson and Emma Giovinazzo and Garth Illingworth and Ivo Labbe and Maseda, {Michael v.} and Jorryt Matthee and {Covelo paz}, Alba and Price, {Sedona h.} and Reddy, {Naveen a.} and Irene Shivaei and Andrea Weibel and Stijn Wuyts and Mengyuan Xiao and Stacey Alberts and Baker, {William m.} and Bunker, {Andrew j.} and Cameron, {Alex j.} and Stephane Charlot and Eisenstein, {Daniel j.} and {De graaff}, Anna and Zhiyuan Ji and Johnson, {Benjamin d.} and Roberto Maiolino and Brant Robertson and Lester Sandles and Suess, {Katherine a.} and Sandro Tacchella and Williams, {Christina c.} and Joris Witstok",

year = "2024",

month = dec,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3847/2041-8213/ad7b17",

language = "English",

volume = "976",

journal = "The Astrophysical Journal Letters",

issn = "2041-8205",

publisher = "American Astronomical Society",

number = "2",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Ionized Gas Kinematics with FRESCO

T2 - An Extended, Massive, Rapidly Rotating Galaxy at z = 5.4

AU - Nelson, Erica

AU - Brammer, Gabriel

AU - Giménez-Arteaga, Clara

AU - Oesch, Pascal a.

AU - Naidu, Rohan p.

AU - Übler, Hannah

AU - Matharu, Jasleen

AU - Shapley, Alice e.

AU - Whitaker, Katherine e.

AU - Wisnioski, Emily

AU - Förster schreiber, Natascha m.

AU - Smit, Renske

AU - Van dokkum, Pieter

AU - Chisholm, John

AU - Endsley, Ryan

AU - Hartley, Abigail i.

AU - Gibson, Justus

AU - Giovinazzo, Emma

AU - Illingworth, Garth

AU - Labbe, Ivo

AU - Maseda, Michael v.

AU - Matthee, Jorryt

AU - Covelo paz, Alba

AU - Price, Sedona h.

AU - Reddy, Naveen a.

AU - Shivaei, Irene

AU - Weibel, Andrea

AU - Wuyts, Stijn

AU - Xiao, Mengyuan

AU - Alberts, Stacey

AU - Baker, William m.

AU - Bunker, Andrew j.

AU - Cameron, Alex j.

AU - Charlot, Stephane

AU - Eisenstein, Daniel j.

AU - De graaff, Anna

AU - Ji, Zhiyuan

AU - Johnson, Benjamin d.

AU - Maiolino, Roberto

AU - Robertson, Brant

AU - Sandles, Lester

AU - Suess, Katherine a.

AU - Tacchella, Sandro

AU - Williams, Christina c.

AU - Witstok, Joris

PY - 2024/12/1

Y1 - 2024/12/1

N2 - With the remarkable sensitivity and resolution of JWST in the infrared, measuring rest-optical kinematics of galaxies at z > 5 has become possible for the first time. This study pilots a new method for measuring galaxy dynamics for highly multiplexed, unbiased samples by combining FRESCO NIRCam grism spectroscopy and JADES medium-band imaging. Here we present one of the first JWST kinematic measurements for a galaxy at z > 5. We find a significant velocity gradient, which, if interpreted as rotation, yields V rot = 305 ± 70 km s −1, and we hence refer to this galaxy as Twister-z5. With a rest-frame optical effective radius of r e = 2.25 kpc, the high rotation velocity in this galaxy is not due to a compact size, as may be expected in the early Universe, but rather to a high total mass, log ( M dyn / M ⊙ ) = 11.2 ± 0.2 . This is a factor of roughly 10× higher than the stellar mass within r e. We also observe that the radial Hα equivalent width profile and the specific star formation rate map from resolved stellar population modeling are centrally depressed by a factor of ∼1.5 from the center to r e. Combined with the morphology of the line-emitting gas in comparison to the continuum, this centrally suppressed star formation is consistent with a star-forming disk surrounding a bulge growing inside out. While large, rapidly rotating disks are common to z ∼ 2, the existence of one after only 1 Gyr of cosmic time, shown for the first time in ionized gas, adds to the growing evidence that some galaxies matured earlier than expected in the history of the Universe.

AB - With the remarkable sensitivity and resolution of JWST in the infrared, measuring rest-optical kinematics of galaxies at z > 5 has become possible for the first time. This study pilots a new method for measuring galaxy dynamics for highly multiplexed, unbiased samples by combining FRESCO NIRCam grism spectroscopy and JADES medium-band imaging. Here we present one of the first JWST kinematic measurements for a galaxy at z > 5. We find a significant velocity gradient, which, if interpreted as rotation, yields V rot = 305 ± 70 km s −1, and we hence refer to this galaxy as Twister-z5. With a rest-frame optical effective radius of r e = 2.25 kpc, the high rotation velocity in this galaxy is not due to a compact size, as may be expected in the early Universe, but rather to a high total mass, log ( M dyn / M ⊙ ) = 11.2 ± 0.2 . This is a factor of roughly 10× higher than the stellar mass within r e. We also observe that the radial Hα equivalent width profile and the specific star formation rate map from resolved stellar population modeling are centrally depressed by a factor of ∼1.5 from the center to r e. Combined with the morphology of the line-emitting gas in comparison to the continuum, this centrally suppressed star formation is consistent with a star-forming disk surrounding a bulge growing inside out. While large, rapidly rotating disks are common to z ∼ 2, the existence of one after only 1 Gyr of cosmic time, shown for the first time in ionized gas, adds to the growing evidence that some galaxies matured earlier than expected in the history of the Universe.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85213122922&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3847/2041-8213/ad7b17

DO - 10.3847/2041-8213/ad7b17

M3 - Article

SN - 2041-8205

VL - 976

JO - The Astrophysical Journal Letters

JF - The Astrophysical Journal Letters

IS - 2

M1 - L27

ER -

Ionized Gas Kinematics with FRESCO: An Extended, Massive, Rapidly Rotating Galaxy at z = 5.4

Abstract

Funding

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this