Intriguing aspects of polar-to-tropical mesospheric teleconnections during the 2018 SSW: A meteor radar network study

Sunkara Eswaraiah; Kyong-Hwan Seo; Kondapalli Niranjan Kumar; Audrey V. Koval; M. Venkat Ratnam; Chalachew Kindie Mengist; G Venkata Chalapathi; Huixin Liu; Young-Sil  Kwak; Jin-Yun Jeong; Eugeny  Merzlyakov; Christoph  Jacobi; YongHa  Kim; S. Vijaya Bhaskara Rao Bhaskara Rao; Nicholas Mitchell

doi:10.3390/atmos14081302

Intriguing aspects of polar-to-tropical mesospheric teleconnections during the 2018 SSW: A meteor radar network study

Sunkara Eswaraiah, Kyong-Hwan Seo, Kondapalli Niranjan Kumar, Audrey V. Koval, M. Venkat Ratnam, Chalachew Kindie Mengist, G Venkata Chalapathi, Huixin Liu, Young-Sil Kwak, Jin-Yun Jeong, Eugeny Merzlyakov, Christoph Jacobi, YongHa Kim, S. Vijaya Bhaskara Rao Bhaskara Rao, Nicholas Mitchell

Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Using a network of meteor radar observations, observational evidence of polar-to-tropical mesospheric coupling during the 2018 major sudden stratosphere warming (SSW) event in the northern hemisphere is presented. In the tropical lower mesosphere, a maximum zonal wind reversal (−24 m/s) is noted and compared with that identified in the extra-tropical regions. Moreover, a time delay in the wind reversal between the tropical/polar stations and the mid-latitudes is detected. A wide spectrum of waves with periods of 2 to 16 days and 30–60 days were observed. The wind reversal in the mesosphere is due to the propagation of dominant intra-seasonal oscillations (ISOs) of 30–60 days and the presence and superposition of 8-day period planetary waves (PWs). The ISO phase propagation is observed from high to low latitudes (60° N to 20° N) in contrast to the 8-day PW phase propagation, indicating the change in the meridional propagation of winds during SSW, hence the change in the meridional circulation. The superposition of dominant ISOs and weak 8-day PWs could be responsible for the delay of the wind reversal in the tropical mesosphere. Therefore, this study has strong implications for understanding the reversed (polar to tropical) mesospheric meridional circulation by considering the ISOs during SSW.

Original language	English
Article number	1302
Number of pages	20
Journal	Atmosphere
Volume	14
Issue number	8
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14081302
Publication status	Published - 17 Aug 2023

Bibliographical note

Funding:
The work was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP) (No. NRF-2020R1A2C2009414) and the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) Research and Development Program under grant KMI2021–0141. Collm and Kazan wind observations were supported by DFG through the grant JA 836/38-1 and by RFBR through the grant 18-505-12048. RMC and EP flux calculations were supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (FSZU-2023-0002) RFBR through the grant 20-77-10006.

Data Availability Statement:
The MR network data can be accessed with the following DOI link: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3690723 (accessed on 12 August 2023). The authors also thank the ERA5 and MERRA-2 team for providing the wind and temperature data used in the present study. The ERA5 datasets provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) are publicly available at: https://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/datasets (accessed on 12 August 2023). The MERRA-2 dataset can be obtained from https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets/M2I6NVANA_5.12.4/summary (accessed on 12 August 2023). The UK Met Office data can be obtained at https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/data/index (accessed on 12 August 2023).

Funding

The work was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP) (No. NRF-2020R1A2C2009414) and the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) Research and Development Program under grant KMI2021–0141. Collm and Kazan wind observations were supported by DFG through the grant JA 836/38-1 and by RFBR through the grant 18-505-12048. RMC and EP flux calculations were supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (FSZU-2023-0002) RFBR through the grant 20-77-10006.

Funders	Funder number
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft	JA 836/38-1
Russian Foundation for Basic Research	18-505-12048
Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation	FSZU-2023-0002, 20-77-10006
Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning	NRF-2020R1A2C2009414
Korea Meteorological Administration	KMI2021–0141
National Research Foundation of Korea

Keywords

intra-seasonal oscillations (ISOs)
meridional circulation
mesosphere wind reversal
meteor radar network
planetary waves (PWs)
sudden stratospheric warming (SSW)
tropical–extra-tropical mesosphere

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Environmental Science (miscellaneous)

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10.3390/atmos14081302Licence: CC BY

Cite this

Eswaraiah, S., Seo, K.-H., Kumar, K. N., Koval, A. V., Venkat Ratnam, M., Kindie Mengist, C., Venkata Chalapathi, G., Liu, H., Kwak, Y.-S., Jeong, J.-Y., Merzlyakov, E., Jacobi, C., Kim, Y., Bhaskara Rao, S. V. B. R., & Mitchell, N. (2023). Intriguing aspects of polar-to-tropical mesospheric teleconnections during the 2018 SSW: A meteor radar network study. Atmosphere, 14(8), Article 1302. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14081302

Eswaraiah, S, Seo, K-H, Kumar, KN, Koval, AV, Venkat Ratnam, M, Kindie Mengist, C, Venkata Chalapathi, G, Liu, H, Kwak, Y-S, Jeong, J-Y, Merzlyakov, E, Jacobi, C, Kim, Y, Bhaskara Rao, SVBR & Mitchell, N 2023, 'Intriguing aspects of polar-to-tropical mesospheric teleconnections during the 2018 SSW: A meteor radar network study', Atmosphere, vol. 14, no. 8, 1302. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14081302

@article{23aeae3c770f4a4cb029da4f74981e7d,

title = "Intriguing aspects of polar-to-tropical mesospheric teleconnections during the 2018 SSW: A meteor radar network study",

abstract = "Using a network of meteor radar observations, observational evidence of polar-to-tropical mesospheric coupling during the 2018 major sudden stratosphere warming (SSW) event in the northern hemisphere is presented. In the tropical lower mesosphere, a maximum zonal wind reversal (−24 m/s) is noted and compared with that identified in the extra-tropical regions. Moreover, a time delay in the wind reversal between the tropical/polar stations and the mid-latitudes is detected. A wide spectrum of waves with periods of 2 to 16 days and 30–60 days were observed. The wind reversal in the mesosphere is due to the propagation of dominant intra-seasonal oscillations (ISOs) of 30–60 days and the presence and superposition of 8-day period planetary waves (PWs). The ISO phase propagation is observed from high to low latitudes (60° N to 20° N) in contrast to the 8-day PW phase propagation, indicating the change in the meridional propagation of winds during SSW, hence the change in the meridional circulation. The superposition of dominant ISOs and weak 8-day PWs could be responsible for the delay of the wind reversal in the tropical mesosphere. Therefore, this study has strong implications for understanding the reversed (polar to tropical) mesospheric meridional circulation by considering the ISOs during SSW.",

keywords = "intra-seasonal oscillations (ISOs), meridional circulation, mesosphere wind reversal, meteor radar network, planetary waves (PWs), sudden stratospheric warming (SSW), tropical–extra-tropical mesosphere",

author = "Sunkara Eswaraiah and Kyong-Hwan Seo and Kumar, {Kondapalli Niranjan} and Koval, {Audrey V.} and {Venkat Ratnam}, M. and {Kindie Mengist}, Chalachew and {Venkata Chalapathi}, G and Huixin Liu and Young-Sil Kwak and Jin-Yun Jeong and Eugeny Merzlyakov and Christoph Jacobi and YongHa Kim and {Bhaskara Rao}, {S. Vijaya Bhaskara Rao} and Nicholas Mitchell",

note = "Funding: The work was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP) (No. NRF-2020R1A2C2009414) and the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) Research and Development Program under grant KMI2021–0141. Collm and Kazan wind observations were supported by DFG through the grant JA 836/38-1 and by RFBR through the grant 18-505-12048. RMC and EP flux calculations were supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (FSZU-2023-0002) RFBR through the grant 20-77-10006. Data Availability Statement: The MR network data can be accessed with the following DOI link: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3690723 (accessed on 12 August 2023). The authors also thank the ERA5 and MERRA-2 team for providing the wind and temperature data used in the present study. The ERA5 datasets provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) are publicly available at: https://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/datasets (accessed on 12 August 2023). The MERRA-2 dataset can be obtained from https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets/M2I6NVANA_5.12.4/summary (accessed on 12 August 2023). The UK Met Office data can be obtained at https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/data/index (accessed on 12 August 2023).",

year = "2023",

month = aug,

day = "17",

doi = "10.3390/atmos14081302",

language = "English",

volume = "14",

journal = "Atmosphere",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Intriguing aspects of polar-to-tropical mesospheric teleconnections during the 2018 SSW

T2 - A meteor radar network study

AU - Eswaraiah, Sunkara

AU - Seo, Kyong-Hwan

AU - Kumar, Kondapalli Niranjan

AU - Koval, Audrey V.

AU - Venkat Ratnam, M.

AU - Kindie Mengist, Chalachew

AU - Venkata Chalapathi, G

AU - Liu, Huixin

AU - Kwak, Young-Sil

AU - Jeong, Jin-Yun

AU - Merzlyakov, Eugeny

AU - Jacobi, Christoph

AU - Kim, YongHa

AU - Bhaskara Rao, S. Vijaya Bhaskara Rao

AU - Mitchell, Nicholas

N1 - Funding: The work was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP) (No. NRF-2020R1A2C2009414) and the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) Research and Development Program under grant KMI2021–0141. Collm and Kazan wind observations were supported by DFG through the grant JA 836/38-1 and by RFBR through the grant 18-505-12048. RMC and EP flux calculations were supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (FSZU-2023-0002) RFBR through the grant 20-77-10006. Data Availability Statement: The MR network data can be accessed with the following DOI link: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3690723 (accessed on 12 August 2023). The authors also thank the ERA5 and MERRA-2 team for providing the wind and temperature data used in the present study. The ERA5 datasets provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) are publicly available at: https://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/datasets (accessed on 12 August 2023). The MERRA-2 dataset can be obtained from https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets/M2I6NVANA_5.12.4/summary (accessed on 12 August 2023). The UK Met Office data can be obtained at https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/data/index (accessed on 12 August 2023).

PY - 2023/8/17

Y1 - 2023/8/17

N2 - Using a network of meteor radar observations, observational evidence of polar-to-tropical mesospheric coupling during the 2018 major sudden stratosphere warming (SSW) event in the northern hemisphere is presented. In the tropical lower mesosphere, a maximum zonal wind reversal (−24 m/s) is noted and compared with that identified in the extra-tropical regions. Moreover, a time delay in the wind reversal between the tropical/polar stations and the mid-latitudes is detected. A wide spectrum of waves with periods of 2 to 16 days and 30–60 days were observed. The wind reversal in the mesosphere is due to the propagation of dominant intra-seasonal oscillations (ISOs) of 30–60 days and the presence and superposition of 8-day period planetary waves (PWs). The ISO phase propagation is observed from high to low latitudes (60° N to 20° N) in contrast to the 8-day PW phase propagation, indicating the change in the meridional propagation of winds during SSW, hence the change in the meridional circulation. The superposition of dominant ISOs and weak 8-day PWs could be responsible for the delay of the wind reversal in the tropical mesosphere. Therefore, this study has strong implications for understanding the reversed (polar to tropical) mesospheric meridional circulation by considering the ISOs during SSW.

AB - Using a network of meteor radar observations, observational evidence of polar-to-tropical mesospheric coupling during the 2018 major sudden stratosphere warming (SSW) event in the northern hemisphere is presented. In the tropical lower mesosphere, a maximum zonal wind reversal (−24 m/s) is noted and compared with that identified in the extra-tropical regions. Moreover, a time delay in the wind reversal between the tropical/polar stations and the mid-latitudes is detected. A wide spectrum of waves with periods of 2 to 16 days and 30–60 days were observed. The wind reversal in the mesosphere is due to the propagation of dominant intra-seasonal oscillations (ISOs) of 30–60 days and the presence and superposition of 8-day period planetary waves (PWs). The ISO phase propagation is observed from high to low latitudes (60° N to 20° N) in contrast to the 8-day PW phase propagation, indicating the change in the meridional propagation of winds during SSW, hence the change in the meridional circulation. The superposition of dominant ISOs and weak 8-day PWs could be responsible for the delay of the wind reversal in the tropical mesosphere. Therefore, this study has strong implications for understanding the reversed (polar to tropical) mesospheric meridional circulation by considering the ISOs during SSW.

KW - intra-seasonal oscillations (ISOs)

KW - meridional circulation

KW - mesosphere wind reversal

KW - meteor radar network

KW - planetary waves (PWs)

KW - sudden stratospheric warming (SSW)

KW - tropical–extra-tropical mesosphere

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85168796708&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3390/atmos14081302

DO - 10.3390/atmos14081302

M3 - Article

SN - 2073-4433

VL - 14

JO - Atmosphere

JF - Atmosphere

IS - 8

M1 - 1302

ER -

Intriguing aspects of polar-to-tropical mesospheric teleconnections during the 2018 SSW: A meteor radar network study

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

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