# Interacting helical vortex filaments in the 3-dimensional Ginzburg-Landau equation

Juan Davila Bonczos, Manuel Del Pino, Rémy Rodiac, Maria Medina

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## Abstract

For each given $n\ge 2$, we construct a family of entire solutions $u_\ve (z,t)$, $\ve>0$, with helical symmetry to the 3-dimensional complex-valued Ginzburg-Landau equation \begin{equation*}\nonumber \Delta u+(1-|u|^2)u=0, \quad (z,t) \in \R^2\times \R \simeq \R^3. \end{equation*} These solutions are $2\pi/\ve$-periodic in $t$ and have $n$ helix-vortex curves, with asymptotic behavior as $\ve\to 0$ $$u_\ve (z,t) \approx \prod_{j=1}^n W\left( z- \ve^{-1} f_j(\ve t) \right),$$ where $W(z) =w(r) e^{i\theta}$, $z= re^{i\theta},$ is the standard degree $+1$ vortex solution of the planar Ginzburg-Landau equation $\Delta W+(1-|W|^2)W=0 \text{ in } \R^2$ and $$f_j(t) = \frac { \sqrt{n-1} e^{it}e^{2 i (j-1)\pi/ n }}{ \sqrt{|\log\ve|}}, \quad j=1,\ldots, n.$$ Existence of these solutions was previously conjectured in \cite{delPinoKowalczyk2008}, being ${\bf f}(t) = (f_1(t),\ldots, f_n(t))$ a rotating equilibrium point for the renormalized energy of vortex filaments there derived, $$\mathcal W_\ve ( {\bf f} ) :=\pi \int_0^{2\pi} \Big ( \, \frac{|\log \e|} 2 \sum_{k=1}^n|f'_k(t)|^2-\sum_{j\neq k}\log |f_j(t)-f_k(t)| \, \Big ) \dif t,$$ corresponding to that of a planar logarithmic $n$-body problem. These solutions satisfy $$\lim_{|z| \to +\infty } |u_\ve (z,t)| = 1 \quad \hbox{uniformly in t}$$ and have nontrivial dependence on $t$, thus negatively answering the Ginzburg-Landau analogue of the Gibbons conjecture for the Allen-Cahn equation, a question originally formulated by H. Brezis.
Original language English Journal of the European Mathematical Society 14 Jul 2022 https://doi.org/10.4171/JEMS/1175 E-pub ahead of print - 14 Jul 2022

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