Individualised tobacco affordability in the UK 2002 - 2014: Findings from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project

Timea R. Partos; J. Robert Branston; Rosemary Hiscock; Anna Gilmore; Ann McNeill

doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-054027

Individualised tobacco affordability in the UK 2002 - 2014: Findings from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project

Timea R. Partos, J. Robert Branston, Rosemary Hiscock, Anna Gilmore, Ann McNeill

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The existing measures of tobacco affordability (smokers' purchasing power for tobacco) use national estimates of income and average cigarette prices, and exclude roll-your-own (RYO) tobacco. This study developed an individualised measure of tobacco affordability using smokers' own incomes and factory-made (FM) or RYO tobacco purchase prices, and explored how it was impacted by taxation changes, individual characteristics and purchase patterns.

DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey data collated from 10 waves of a longitudinal cohort study.

DATA SOURCES: Adult smokers (n=4062) from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project United Kingdom (UK), surveyed between 2002 and 2014, providing 8943 observations over 10 surveys.

ANALYSIS: Affordability was calculated as the percentage of annual income remaining with the individuals after their annual tobacco expenditure. Multilevel linear regression models were used with affordability as the outcome using time, sex, age, geographical region, ethnicity, education, nicotine dependence and tobacco purchase source as the predictor variables.

RESULTS: Affordability of FM cigarettes decreased significantly from 91.5% (±95% CI: 91.0% to 91.9%) in 2002 to 87.8% (87.0% to 88.5%) in 2014; and RYO from 96.3% (95.7% to 96.9%) in 2006 to 93.7% (93.0% to 94.4%) in 2014. Affordability was significantly lower for FM than RYO. Year-on-year decreases were not statistically significant. Tobacco was more affordable for males, those with higher education, less dependent smokers and those purchasing from non-store (potentially illicit) or non-UK sources.

CONCLUSIONS: An individualised measure of tobacco affordability provided useful insights on the impact of tobacco taxes, social inequalities and purchase patterns in the UK. Although tobacco became less affordable, the annual rate of decline was low, suggesting annual tax rises were not large enough.

Original language	English
Article number	054027
Pages (from-to)	s9-s19
Number of pages	11
Journal	Tobacco Control
Volume	28
Issue number	Suppl 1
Early online date	23 Jul 2018
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-054027
Publication status	Published - 17 Apr 2019

Keywords

Taxation
Price
Tobacco
Hand-rolled/RYO tobacco
Economics
Disparities
Income/statistics & numerical data
Cross-Sectional Studies
Taxes/economics
Humans
Middle Aged
Costs and Cost Analysis/statistics & numerical data
Tobacco Products/economics
Male
United Kingdom
Young Adult
Commerce/statistics & numerical data
Consumer Behavior/statistics & numerical data
Adolescent
Sex Factors
Adult
Female
Surveys and Questionnaires

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-054027Licence: CC BY

https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/tobaccocontrol/early/2018/07/23/tobaccocontrol-2017-054027.full.pdf?ijkey=GgDtW6qzgX08crF&keytype=refLicence: CC BY

Understanding the Impact of Tobacco Tax Increasses and Tobacco Industry Pricing on Smoking Behaviours and Inequalities
Branston, R.
National Institute for Health Research
1/09/14 → 31/08/17
Project: Central government, health and local authorities

Rob Branston
- J.R.Branstonbath.acuk
- Management - Senior Lecturer (Associate Professor)
- Centre for Governance, Regulation and Industrial Strategy
- Institute for Policy Research (IPR)
- Marketing, Business & Society
- Centre for Business, Organisations and Society (CBOS)
- Tobacco Control Research Group (TCRG)
Person: Research & Teaching

Cite this

@article{453b1165672744289c189337c63c0788,

title = "Individualised tobacco affordability in the UK 2002 - 2014: Findings from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project",

abstract = "OBJECTIVE: The existing measures of tobacco affordability (smokers' purchasing power for tobacco) use national estimates of income and average cigarette prices, and exclude roll-your-own (RYO) tobacco. This study developed an individualised measure of tobacco affordability using smokers' own incomes and factory-made (FM) or RYO tobacco purchase prices, and explored how it was impacted by taxation changes, individual characteristics and purchase patterns.DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey data collated from 10 waves of a longitudinal cohort study.DATA SOURCES: Adult smokers (n=4062) from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project United Kingdom (UK), surveyed between 2002 and 2014, providing 8943 observations over 10 surveys.ANALYSIS: Affordability was calculated as the percentage of annual income remaining with the individuals after their annual tobacco expenditure. Multilevel linear regression models were used with affordability as the outcome using time, sex, age, geographical region, ethnicity, education, nicotine dependence and tobacco purchase source as the predictor variables.RESULTS: Affordability of FM cigarettes decreased significantly from 91.5% (±95% CI: 91.0% to 91.9%) in 2002 to 87.8% (87.0% to 88.5%) in 2014; and RYO from 96.3% (95.7% to 96.9%) in 2006 to 93.7% (93.0% to 94.4%) in 2014. Affordability was significantly lower for FM than RYO. Year-on-year decreases were not statistically significant. Tobacco was more affordable for males, those with higher education, less dependent smokers and those purchasing from non-store (potentially illicit) or non-UK sources.CONCLUSIONS: An individualised measure of tobacco affordability provided useful insights on the impact of tobacco taxes, social inequalities and purchase patterns in the UK. Although tobacco became less affordable, the annual rate of decline was low, suggesting annual tax rises were not large enough.",

keywords = "Taxation, Price, Tobacco, Hand-rolled/RYO tobacco, Economics, Disparities, Income/statistics & numerical data, Cross-Sectional Studies, Taxes/economics, Humans, Middle Aged, Costs and Cost Analysis/statistics & numerical data, Tobacco Products/economics, Male, United Kingdom, Young Adult, Commerce/statistics & numerical data, Consumer Behavior/statistics & numerical data, Adolescent, Sex Factors, Adult, Female, Surveys and Questionnaires",

author = "Partos, {Timea R.} and Branston, {J. Robert} and Rosemary Hiscock and Anna Gilmore and Ann McNeill",

note = "{\textcopyright} Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2019. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.",

year = "2019",

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doi = "10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-054027",

language = "English",

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T1 - Individualised tobacco affordability in the UK 2002 - 2014

T2 - Findings from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project

AU - Partos, Timea R.

AU - Branston, J. Robert

AU - Hiscock, Rosemary

AU - Gilmore, Anna

AU - McNeill, Ann

PY - 2019/4/17

Y1 - 2019/4/17

N2 - OBJECTIVE: The existing measures of tobacco affordability (smokers' purchasing power for tobacco) use national estimates of income and average cigarette prices, and exclude roll-your-own (RYO) tobacco. This study developed an individualised measure of tobacco affordability using smokers' own incomes and factory-made (FM) or RYO tobacco purchase prices, and explored how it was impacted by taxation changes, individual characteristics and purchase patterns.DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey data collated from 10 waves of a longitudinal cohort study.DATA SOURCES: Adult smokers (n=4062) from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project United Kingdom (UK), surveyed between 2002 and 2014, providing 8943 observations over 10 surveys.ANALYSIS: Affordability was calculated as the percentage of annual income remaining with the individuals after their annual tobacco expenditure. Multilevel linear regression models were used with affordability as the outcome using time, sex, age, geographical region, ethnicity, education, nicotine dependence and tobacco purchase source as the predictor variables.RESULTS: Affordability of FM cigarettes decreased significantly from 91.5% (±95% CI: 91.0% to 91.9%) in 2002 to 87.8% (87.0% to 88.5%) in 2014; and RYO from 96.3% (95.7% to 96.9%) in 2006 to 93.7% (93.0% to 94.4%) in 2014. Affordability was significantly lower for FM than RYO. Year-on-year decreases were not statistically significant. Tobacco was more affordable for males, those with higher education, less dependent smokers and those purchasing from non-store (potentially illicit) or non-UK sources.CONCLUSIONS: An individualised measure of tobacco affordability provided useful insights on the impact of tobacco taxes, social inequalities and purchase patterns in the UK. Although tobacco became less affordable, the annual rate of decline was low, suggesting annual tax rises were not large enough.

AB - OBJECTIVE: The existing measures of tobacco affordability (smokers' purchasing power for tobacco) use national estimates of income and average cigarette prices, and exclude roll-your-own (RYO) tobacco. This study developed an individualised measure of tobacco affordability using smokers' own incomes and factory-made (FM) or RYO tobacco purchase prices, and explored how it was impacted by taxation changes, individual characteristics and purchase patterns.DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey data collated from 10 waves of a longitudinal cohort study.DATA SOURCES: Adult smokers (n=4062) from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project United Kingdom (UK), surveyed between 2002 and 2014, providing 8943 observations over 10 surveys.ANALYSIS: Affordability was calculated as the percentage of annual income remaining with the individuals after their annual tobacco expenditure. Multilevel linear regression models were used with affordability as the outcome using time, sex, age, geographical region, ethnicity, education, nicotine dependence and tobacco purchase source as the predictor variables.RESULTS: Affordability of FM cigarettes decreased significantly from 91.5% (±95% CI: 91.0% to 91.9%) in 2002 to 87.8% (87.0% to 88.5%) in 2014; and RYO from 96.3% (95.7% to 96.9%) in 2006 to 93.7% (93.0% to 94.4%) in 2014. Affordability was significantly lower for FM than RYO. Year-on-year decreases were not statistically significant. Tobacco was more affordable for males, those with higher education, less dependent smokers and those purchasing from non-store (potentially illicit) or non-UK sources.CONCLUSIONS: An individualised measure of tobacco affordability provided useful insights on the impact of tobacco taxes, social inequalities and purchase patterns in the UK. Although tobacco became less affordable, the annual rate of decline was low, suggesting annual tax rises were not large enough.

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KW - Price

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KW - Hand-rolled/RYO tobacco

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KW - Cross-Sectional Studies

KW - Taxes/economics

KW - Humans

KW - Middle Aged

KW - Costs and Cost Analysis/statistics & numerical data

KW - Tobacco Products/economics

KW - Male

KW - United Kingdom

KW - Young Adult

KW - Commerce/statistics & numerical data

KW - Consumer Behavior/statistics & numerical data

KW - Adolescent

KW - Sex Factors

KW - Adult

KW - Female

KW - Surveys and Questionnaires

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DO - 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-054027

M3 - Article

C2 - 30037805

SN - 1468-3318

VL - 28

SP - s9-s19

JO - Tobacco Control

JF - Tobacco Control

IS - Suppl 1

M1 - 054027

ER -

Individualised tobacco affordability in the UK 2002 - 2014: Findings from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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Understanding the Impact of Tobacco Tax Increasses and Tobacco Industry Pricing on Smoking Behaviours and Inequalities

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Rob Branston

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