Abstract
Fouling behaviour and its impact on the rejection of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) by forward osmosis (FO) were investigated. Membrane fouling was simulated using humic acid and colloidal particles as model foulants at different initial permeate water fluxes. Water flux decline was insignificant at an initial permeate flux of 9L/m2h and the fouling layer was loose and fluid-like. By contrast, the water flux decline was substantial at an initial permeate flux of 20L/m2h, resulting in the formation of a compact fouling layer. Water flux recovery after physical cleaning for both humic acid and colloidal particle fouled membranes was consistently higher at an initial permeate flux of 9L/m2h compared to 20L/m2h. The results suggest that the fouling layer structure varied from a fluid-like loose layer at low initial permeate flux to a more cohesive and compact layer at high initial permeate flux. We surmise that the fluid-like loose layer formed at low initial permeate flux contributed to pore blockage and thus enhanced steric hindrance, thereby leading to an increase in TrOC rejection. By contrast, the cohesive and compact fouling layer formed at high initial permeate flux exacerbated cake-enhanced concentration polarisation, resulting in a decrease in TrOC rejection.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 146-152 |
Number of pages | 7 |
Journal | Desalination |
Volume | 336 |
Issue number | 1 |
Early online date | 28 Jan 2014 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 3 Mar 2014 |
Funding
The authors would like to thank Oasys Water for providing membrane samples. University of Wollongong is acknowledged for the provision of a doctoral scholarship to Ming Xie. A top-up scholarship to Ming Xie from the Global Challenge Program (University of Wollongong) is also gratefully acknowledged. Appendix A
Keywords
- Colloidal particles
- Forward osmosis
- Fouling layer structure
- Humic acid
- Trace organic contaminants (TrOCs)
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Chemical Engineering
- Mechanical Engineering
- General Chemistry
- General Materials Science
- Water Science and Technology
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Ming Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering - Lecturer
- Centre for Integrated Materials, Processes & Structures (IMPS)
- Institute of Sustainability and Climate Change
Person: Research & Teaching, Core staff, Affiliate staff