Abstract
Candida albicans is the most common fungal pathogen of humans, forming both commensal and opportunistic pathogenic interactions, causing a variety of skin and soft tissue infections in healthy people. In immunocompromised patients C. albicans can result in invasive, systemic infections that are associated with a high incidence of mortality. Propolis is a complex mixture of several resinous substances which are collected from plants by bees. Here, we demonstrated the fungicidal activity of propolis against all three morphogenetic types of C. albicans and that propolis-induced cell death was mediated via metacaspase and Ras signaling. To identify genes that were involved in propolis tolerance, we screened ~800 C. albicans homozygous deletion mutants for decreased tolerance to propolis. Fifty-one mutant strains were identified as being hypersensitive to propolis including seventeen genes involved in cell adhesion, biofilm formation, filamentous growth, phenotypic switching and pathogenesis (HST7, GIN4, VPS34, HOG1, ISW2, SUV3, MDS3, HDA2, KAR3, YHB1, NUP85, CDC10, MNN9, ACE2, FKH2, and SNF5). We validated these results by showing that propolis inhibited the transition from yeast-like to hyphal growth. Propolis was shown to contain compounds that conferred fluorescent properties to C. albicans cells. Moreover, we have shown that a topical pharmaceutical preparation, based upon propolis, was able to control C. albicans infections in a mouse model for vulvovaginal candidiasis. Our results strongly indicate that propolis could be used as a strategy for controlling candidiasis.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 74-86 |
Number of pages | 13 |
Journal | Fungal Genetics and Biology |
Volume | 60 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Nov 2013 |
Funding
We thank Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), and Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Brazil, for financial support. We also thank Dr. Mark Ramsdale for kindly providing C. albicans Ras-cAMP-PKA mutants, Dr. J.R. Naglik and P.L. Fidel Jr. for providing the hypervirulent C. albicans strains, Dr. Renata Santos for providing the C. albicans metacaspase mutant, Dr. Kevin McCluskey and FGSC for providing the C. albicans libraries, and the two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions. Appendix A
Keywords
- Candida albicans
- Deletion mutants
- Propolis
- Vulvovaginal candidiasis
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Microbiology
- Genetics