TY - JOUR
T1 - Athena synergies in the multi-messenger and transient universe
AU - Piro, Luigi
AU - Ahlers, Markus
AU - Coleiro, Alexis
AU - Colpi, Monica
AU - De Ona Wilhelmi, E.
AU - Guainazzi, Matteo
AU - Jonker, P. G.
AU - McNamara, Paul
AU - Nichols, David A.
AU - O'Brien, Paul
AU - Troja, Eleanora
AU - Vink, Jacco
AU - Aird, James
AU - Amati, Lorenzo
AU - Anand, Shreya
AU - Bozzo, Enrico
AU - Carrera, Francisco J.
AU - Fabian, Andrew C.
AU - Fryer, Christopher
AU - Hall, Evan
AU - Korobkin, Oleg
AU - Korol, V.
AU - Mangiagli, Alberto
AU - Martínez-Núñez, Silvia
AU - Nissanke, Samaya
AU - Osborne, Julien
AU - Padovani, Paolo
AU - Rossi, Elena M.
AU - Ryan, Geoffrey
AU - Sesana, Alberto
AU - Stratta, G.
AU - Tanvir, Niel
AU - Van Eerten, Hendrik
N1 - Funding Information:
This research has been supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 programme under the AHEAD (grant agreement number 654215) and AHEAD2020 project (grant agreement n. 871158). The authors wish to thank J.M. Torrejón for the organization of the Athena-multi-messenger Workshops, held on November 27 - 29, 2018, in Alicante, Spain and on 5 May 2020 - 6 May 2020 in videoconference. FJC and SMN acknowledges funding under project RTI2018-096686-B-C21 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”, and by the Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu, ref. MDM-2017-0765.
PY - 2022/9/1
Y1 - 2022/9/1
N2 - In this paper we explore the scientific synergies between Athena and some of the key multi-messenger facilities that should be operative concurrently with Athena. These facilities include LIGO A+, Advanced Virgo+ and future detectors for ground-based observation of gravitational waves (GW), LISA for space-based observations of GW, IceCube and KM3NeT for neutrino observations, and CTA for very high energy observations. These science themes encompass pressing issues in astrophysics, cosmology and fundamental physics such as: the central engine and jet physics in compact binary mergers, accretion processes and jet physics in Super-Massive Binary Black Holes (SMBBHs) and in compact stellar binaries, the equation of state of neutron stars, cosmic accelerators and the origin of Cosmic Rays (CRs), the origin of intermediate and high-Z elements in the Universe, the Cosmic distance scale and tests of General Relativity and the Standard Model. Observational strategies for implementing the identified science topics are also discussed. A significant part of the sources targeted by multi-messenger facilities is of transient nature. We have thus also discussed the synergy of Athena with wide-field high-energy facilities, taking THESEUS as a case study for transient discovery. This discussion covers all the Athena science goals that rely on follow-up observations of high-energy transients identified by external observatories, and includes also topics that are not based on multi-messenger observations, such as the search for missing baryons or the observation of early star populations and metal enrichment at the cosmic dawn with Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs).
AB - In this paper we explore the scientific synergies between Athena and some of the key multi-messenger facilities that should be operative concurrently with Athena. These facilities include LIGO A+, Advanced Virgo+ and future detectors for ground-based observation of gravitational waves (GW), LISA for space-based observations of GW, IceCube and KM3NeT for neutrino observations, and CTA for very high energy observations. These science themes encompass pressing issues in astrophysics, cosmology and fundamental physics such as: the central engine and jet physics in compact binary mergers, accretion processes and jet physics in Super-Massive Binary Black Holes (SMBBHs) and in compact stellar binaries, the equation of state of neutron stars, cosmic accelerators and the origin of Cosmic Rays (CRs), the origin of intermediate and high-Z elements in the Universe, the Cosmic distance scale and tests of General Relativity and the Standard Model. Observational strategies for implementing the identified science topics are also discussed. A significant part of the sources targeted by multi-messenger facilities is of transient nature. We have thus also discussed the synergy of Athena with wide-field high-energy facilities, taking THESEUS as a case study for transient discovery. This discussion covers all the Athena science goals that rely on follow-up observations of high-energy transients identified by external observatories, and includes also topics that are not based on multi-messenger observations, such as the search for missing baryons or the observation of early star populations and metal enrichment at the cosmic dawn with Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs).
KW - Athena
KW - High energy astrophysical phenomena
KW - Synergies
KW - X-rays
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85137414576&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s10686-022-09865-6
DO - 10.1007/s10686-022-09865-6
M3 - Article
SN - 0922-6435
SP - 23
EP - 117
JO - Experimental Astronomy
JF - Experimental Astronomy
IS - 54
ER -