Abstract
The escalating demand for environmentally sustainable and cost-effective adhesives in the wood processing and manufacturing sector has prompted exploration into innovative solutions. This study introduces a novel gel adhesive composed of chemically unmodified high-amylose starch (G70, with 68 % amylose content) with a minimal proportion of urea-formaldehyde (UF) (UF/starch = 1:10, w/w). This G70/UF gel demonstrates remarkable adhesive capabilities for wooden boards under both dry conditions (with a shear stress of 4.13 ± 0.12 MPa) and wet conditions (with a shear strength of 0.93 ± 0.07 MPa after 2 h of water soaking). The study unveils that the elevated amylose content in the starch, coupled with a meticulously controlled isothermal process during bonding, is crucial for these enhancements. Specifically, the robust cohesion of amylose chains expedites phase separation between starch and UF, while the isothermal process facilitates the migration and enrichment of UF molecules at the gel-board and gel-air interfaces. Lacking these mechanisms, conventional amylopectin-rich starch/UF gels (27 % amylose content) show minimal improvement. Moreover, the G70/UF gel showcases exceptional fire retardancy. In all, the G70/UF gel presents a promising alternative for plywood production, reducing reliance on unhealthy UF resin while offering satisfactory bonding resistance in diverse conditions and superior flame retardancy.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 122247 |
Journal | Carbohydrate Polymers |
Volume | 339 |
Early online date | 8 May 2024 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Sept 2024 |
Data Availability Statement
Data will be made available on request.Funding
This research was funded by the Special Fund for Scientific and Technological Innovation in Guangdong Province (the \u201CClimbing Program\u201D Special Fund) (grant no. pdjh2023b0413 ), the College Student Innovation Training Program by Guangzhou University ( S202311078042 ). Peng Liu also acknowledges the China Scholarship Council (CSC) for this visiting research at Newcastle University, UK. F. Xie acknowledges funding from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) [grant number EP/V002236/3 ].
Funders | Funder number |
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China Scholarship Council | |
Newcastle University | |
Special Fund for Scientific and Technological Innovation in Guangdong Province | pdjh2023b0413 |
Guangzhou University | S202311078042 |
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council | EP/V002236/3 |
Keywords
- Biopolymer-based gels
- High-amylose starch
- Starch-based adhesives
- Water-resistance
- Wood flame retardancy
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Organic Chemistry
- Polymers and Plastics
- Materials Chemistry
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Dataset for "High-amylose starch-based gel as green adhesive for plywood: Adhesive property, water-resistance, and flame-retardancy"
Chen, Y. (Creator), Rao, Y. (Creator), Liu, P. (Creator), Wu, L. (Creator), Zhang, G. (Creator), Zhang, J. (Creator) & Xie, F. (Creator), University of Bath, 4 Sept 2024
DOI: 10.15125/BATH-01436
Dataset