Abstract
The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha′apai volcano erupted on 15 January 2022, launching Lamb waves and gravity waves into the atmosphere. In this study, we present results using 13 globally distributed meteor radars and identify the volcanogenic gravity waves in the mesospheric/lower thermospheric winds. Leveraging the High-Altitude Mechanistic general Circulation Model (HIAMCM), we compare the global propagation of these gravity waves. We observed an eastward-propagating gravity wave packet with an observed phase speed of 2405.7gmgs-1 and a westward-propagating gravity wave with an observed phase speed of 166.56.4gmgs-1. We identified these waves in HIAMCM and obtained very good agreement of the observed phase speeds of 239.54.3 and 162.26.1gmgs-1 for the eastward the westward waves, respectively. Considering that HIAMCM perturbations in the mesosphere/lower thermosphere were the result of the secondary waves generated by the dissipation of the primary gravity waves from the volcanic eruption, this affirms the importance of higher-order wave generation. Furthermore, based on meteor radar observations of the gravity wave propagation around the globe, we estimate the eruption time to be within 6gmin of the nominal value of 15 January 2022 04:15gUTC, and we localized the volcanic eruption to be within 78gkm relative to the World Geodetic System 84 coordinates of the volcano, confirming our estimates to be realistic.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 4851-4873 |
| Number of pages | 23 |
| Journal | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Volume | 24 |
| Issue number | 8 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 24 Apr 2024 |
Data Availability Statement
HIAMCM wind fields can be requested from Sharon L. Vadas ([email protected]). The meteor radar data can be requested from the instrument principal investigators for DAV ([email protected]), TDF ([email protected]), ROT ([email protected]), SVA, and Nordic (consisting of TRO, SOD, ALT, and KIR). ([email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]), McM ([email protected]), ALO ([email protected]), Poker Flat ([email protected]), CMO ([email protected]), and for CAR ([email protected], [email protected], [email protected]). The Mengcheng and Kunming radar data were provided through Wen Yi ([email protected]). The retrieved 10 min winds can be requested from the University of Bern ([email protected]).Funding
Operation of the Davis meteor radar was supported by Australian Antarctic Science projects 4445 and 4637. Support for Diego Janches as well as SAAMER-OS' operation are provided by NASA's Planetary Science Division Research Program, through ISFM work packet Exospheres, Ionospheres, Magnetospheres Modeling at Goddard Space Flight Center and NASA Engineering Safety Center (NESC) assessment TI-17-01204. This work was supported in part by the NASA Meteoroid Environment Office under cooperative agreement no. 80NSSC21M0073. Alan Liu is the CONDOR instrument principal investigator, and his work is supported by (while serving at) the National Science Foundation (NSF), USA. Zishun Qiao and the operation of the CONDOR meteor radar system are supported by NSF grant AGS-1828589. This research has been supported by the Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00F6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (grant no. 200021-200517/1), the National Science Foundation (grant nos. AGS-1832988, AGS-1828589), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 42174183), the Science and Technology Facilities Council (grant no. ST/W00089X/1), the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (grant nos. 21H04516, 21H04518, 21H01144, and 20K20940), the Australian Antarctic Division (grant nos. 4445 and 4637), NASA Engineering and Safety Center (grant no. TI-17-01204), NASA Engineering and Safety Center (grant no. 80NSSC21M0073), the US NSF (grant no. AGS-1651464), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant no. JA 836/47-1), and the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern (through ISSI International Team project 23-580 \u2013 Meteors and Phenomena at the Boundary between Earth's Atmosphere and Outer Space). This research was supported by the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern, through ISSI International Team project 23-580 \u2013 Meteors and Phenomena at the Boundary between Earth's Atmosphere and Outer Space. This study is partly supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (grant nos. 21H04516, 21H04518, 21H01144, 20K20940) of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). Poker Flat Meteor Radar is supported by the US NSF (grant no. AGS-1651464). This research has been supported by the STFC (grant no. ST/W00089X/1 to Mark Lester). Sharon L. Vadas and Erich Becker were supported by US National Science Foundation (NSF) grant no. AGS-1832988. Christoph Jacobi acknowledges support by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant no. JA 836/47-1).
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| NASA Meteoroid Environment Office | |
| NASA's Planetary Science Division Research Program | |
| National Science Foundation | AGS-1832988, AGS-1828589, AGS-1651464 |
| International Space Science Institute | 23-580 |
| NASA Engineering and Safety Center | 80NSSC21M0073, TI-17-01204 |
| Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung | 200021-200517/1 |
| National Natural Science Foundation of China | 42174183 |
| Japan Society for the Promotion of Science | 20K20940, 21H01144, 21H04516, 21H04518 |
| Australian Antarctic Division | 4445, 4637 |
| Science and Technology Facilities Council | ST/W00089X/1 |
| Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft | JA 836/47-1 |
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Atmospheric Science