First Look at z > 1 Bars in the Rest-frame Near-infrared with JWST Early CEERS Imaging

Yuchen Guo; Shardha Jogee; Steven L. Finkelstein; Zilei Chen; Eden Wise; Micaela B. Bagley; Guillermo Barro; Stijn Wuyts; Dale D. Kocevski; Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe; Elizabeth J. Mcgrath; Henry C. Ferguson; Bahram Mobasher; Mauro Giavalisco; Ray A. Lucas; Jorge A. Zavala; Jennifer M. Lotz; Norman A. Grogin; Marc Huertas-Company; Jesús Vega-Ferrero; Nimish P. Hathi; Pablo Arrabal Haro; Mark Dickinson; Anton M. Koekemoer; Casey Papovich; Nor Pirzkal; L. Y. Aaron yung; Bren E. Backhaus; Eric F. Bell; Antonello Calabrò; Nikko J. Cleri; Rosemary T. Coogan; M. C. Cooper; Luca Costantin; Darren Croton; Kelcey Davis; Avishai Dekel; Maximilien Franco; Jonathan P. Gardner; Benne W. Holwerda; Taylor A. Hutchison; Viraj Pandya; Pablo G. Pérez-González; Swara Ravindranath; Caitlin Rose; Jonathan R. Trump; Alexander De la vega; Weichen Wang

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acacfb

First Look at z > 1 Bars in the Rest-frame Near-infrared with JWST Early CEERS Imaging

Yuchen Guo, Shardha Jogee, Steven L. Finkelstein, Zilei Chen, Eden Wise, Micaela B. Bagley, Guillermo Barro, Stijn Wuyts, Dale D. Kocevski, Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe, Elizabeth J. Mcgrath, Henry C. Ferguson, Bahram Mobasher, Mauro Giavalisco, Ray A. Lucas, Jorge A. Zavala, Jennifer M. Lotz, Norman A. Grogin, Marc Huertas-Company, Jesús Vega-FerreroNimish P. Hathi, Pablo Arrabal Haro, Mark Dickinson, Anton M. Koekemoer, Casey Papovich, Nor Pirzkal, L. Y. Aaron yung, Bren E. Backhaus, Eric F. Bell, Antonello Calabrò, Nikko J. Cleri, Rosemary T. Coogan, M. C. Cooper, Luca Costantin, Darren Croton, Kelcey Davis, Avishai Dekel, Maximilien Franco, Jonathan P. Gardner, Benne W. Holwerda, Taylor A. Hutchison, Viraj Pandya, Pablo G. Pérez-González, Swara Ravindranath, Caitlin Rose, Jonathan R. Trump, Alexander De la vega, Weichen Wang

Department of Physics

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Abstract

Stellar bars are key drivers of secular evolution in galaxies and can be effectively studied using rest-frame near-infrared (NIR) images, which trace the underlying stellar mass and are less impacted by dust and star formation than rest-frame UV or optical images. We leverage the power of JWST CEERS NIRCam images to present the first quantitative identification and characterization of stellar bars at z > 1 based on rest-frame NIR F444W images of high resolution (∼1.3 kpc at z ∼ 1-3). We identify stellar bars in these images using quantitative criteria based on ellipse fits. For this pilot study, we present six examples of robustly identified bars at z > 1 with spectroscopic redshifts, including the two highest-redshift bars at z ∼ 2.136 and 2.312 quantitatively identified and characterized to date. The stellar bars at z ∼ 1.1-2.3 presented in our study have projected semimajor axes of ∼2.9-4.3 kpc and projected ellipticities of ∼0.41-0.53 in the rest-frame NIR. The barred host galaxies have stellar masses ∼1 × 10 ¹⁰ to 2 × 10 ¹¹ M _⊙ and star formation rates of ∼21-295 M _⊙ yr ⁻¹, and several have potential nearby companions. Our finding of bars at z ∼ 1.1-2.3 demonstrates the early onset of such instabilities and supports simulations where bars form early in massive dynamically cold disks. It also suggests that if these bars at lookback times of 8-11 Gyr survive out to present epochs, bar-driven secular processes may operate over a long time and have a significant impact on some galaxies by z ∼ 0.

Original language	English
Article number	L10
Journal	The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Volume	945
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acacfb
Publication status	Published - 1 Mar 2023

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We thank the entire JWST team, including the engineers for making possible this wonderful overperforming telescope, the commissioning team for obtaining these early data, and the pipeline teams for their work over the years building and supporting the pipeline. Y.G. and S.J. acknowledge support from the Roland K. Blumberg Endowment in Astronomy and Heising-Simons Foundation grant 2017-0464. M.B.B. and S.L.F. acknowledge support from NASA through STScI ERS award JWST-ERS-1345. The authors acknowledge the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) at The University of Texas at Austin for providing HPC and visualization resources that have contributed to the research results reported within this paper (http://www.tacc.utexas.edu).

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Guo, Y., Jogee, S., Finkelstein, S. L., Chen, Z., Wise, E., Bagley, M. B., Barro, G., Wuyts, S., Kocevski, D. D., Kartaltepe, J. S., Mcgrath, E. J., Ferguson, H. C., Mobasher, B., Giavalisco, M., Lucas, R. A., Zavala, J. A., Lotz, J. M., Grogin, N. A., Huertas-Company, M., ... Wang, W. (2023). First Look at z > 1 Bars in the Rest-frame Near-infrared with JWST Early CEERS Imaging. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 945(1), Article L10. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acacfb

Guo, Y, Jogee, S, Finkelstein, SL, Chen, Z, Wise, E, Bagley, MB, Barro, G, Wuyts, S, Kocevski, DD, Kartaltepe, JS, Mcgrath, EJ, Ferguson, HC, Mobasher, B, Giavalisco, M, Lucas, RA, Zavala, JA, Lotz, JM, Grogin, NA, Huertas-Company, M, Vega-Ferrero, J, Hathi, NP, Haro, PA, Dickinson, M, Koekemoer, AM, Papovich, C, Pirzkal, N, Aaron yung, LY, Backhaus, BE, Bell, EF, Calabrò, A, Cleri, NJ, Coogan, RT, Cooper, MC, Costantin, L, Croton, D, Davis, K, Dekel, A, Franco, M, Gardner, JP, Holwerda, BW, Hutchison, TA, Pandya, V, Pérez-González, PG, Ravindranath, S, Rose, C, Trump, JR, De la vega, A & Wang, W 2023, 'First Look at z > 1 Bars in the Rest-frame Near-infrared with JWST Early CEERS Imaging', The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 945, no. 1, L10. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acacfb

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title = "First Look at z > 1 Bars in the Rest-frame Near-infrared with JWST Early CEERS Imaging",

abstract = "Stellar bars are key drivers of secular evolution in galaxies and can be effectively studied using rest-frame near-infrared (NIR) images, which trace the underlying stellar mass and are less impacted by dust and star formation than rest-frame UV or optical images. We leverage the power of JWST CEERS NIRCam images to present the first quantitative identification and characterization of stellar bars at z > 1 based on rest-frame NIR F444W images of high resolution (∼1.3 kpc at z ∼ 1-3). We identify stellar bars in these images using quantitative criteria based on ellipse fits. For this pilot study, we present six examples of robustly identified bars at z > 1 with spectroscopic redshifts, including the two highest-redshift bars at z ∼ 2.136 and 2.312 quantitatively identified and characterized to date. The stellar bars at z ∼ 1.1-2.3 presented in our study have projected semimajor axes of ∼2.9-4.3 kpc and projected ellipticities of ∼0.41-0.53 in the rest-frame NIR. The barred host galaxies have stellar masses ∼1 × 10 10 to 2 × 10 11 M ⊙ and star formation rates of ∼21-295 M ⊙ yr −1, and several have potential nearby companions. Our finding of bars at z ∼ 1.1-2.3 demonstrates the early onset of such instabilities and supports simulations where bars form early in massive dynamically cold disks. It also suggests that if these bars at lookback times of 8-11 Gyr survive out to present epochs, bar-driven secular processes may operate over a long time and have a significant impact on some galaxies by z ∼ 0.",

author = "Yuchen Guo and Shardha Jogee and Finkelstein, {Steven L.} and Zilei Chen and Eden Wise and Bagley, {Micaela B.} and Guillermo Barro and Stijn Wuyts and Kocevski, {Dale D.} and Kartaltepe, {Jeyhan S.} and Mcgrath, {Elizabeth J.} and Ferguson, {Henry C.} and Bahram Mobasher and Mauro Giavalisco and Lucas, {Ray A.} and Zavala, {Jorge A.} and Lotz, {Jennifer M.} and Grogin, {Norman A.} and Marc Huertas-Company and Jes{\'u}s Vega-Ferrero and Hathi, {Nimish P.} and Haro, {Pablo Arrabal} and Mark Dickinson and Koekemoer, {Anton M.} and Casey Papovich and Nor Pirzkal and {Aaron yung}, {L. Y.} and Backhaus, {Bren E.} and Bell, {Eric F.} and Antonello Calabr{\`o} and Cleri, {Nikko J.} and Coogan, {Rosemary T.} and Cooper, {M. C.} and Luca Costantin and Darren Croton and Kelcey Davis and Avishai Dekel and Maximilien Franco and Gardner, {Jonathan P.} and Holwerda, {Benne W.} and Hutchison, {Taylor A.} and Viraj Pandya and P{\'e}rez-Gonz{\'a}lez, {Pablo G.} and Swara Ravindranath and Caitlin Rose and Trump, {Jonathan R.} and {De la vega}, Alexander and Weichen Wang",

note = "Funding Information: We thank the entire JWST team, including the engineers for making possible this wonderful overperforming telescope, the commissioning team for obtaining these early data, and the pipeline teams for their work over the years building and supporting the pipeline. Y.G. and S.J. acknowledge support from the Roland K. Blumberg Endowment in Astronomy and Heising-Simons Foundation grant 2017-0464. M.B.B. and S.L.F. acknowledge support from NASA through STScI ERS award JWST-ERS-1345. The authors acknowledge the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) at The University of Texas at Austin for providing HPC and visualization resources that have contributed to the research results reported within this paper (http://www.tacc.utexas.edu).",

year = "2023",

month = mar,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3847/2041-8213/acacfb",

language = "English",

volume = "945",

journal = "The Astrophysical Journal Letters",

issn = "2041-8205",

publisher = "IOP Publishing",

number = "1",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - First Look at z > 1 Bars in the Rest-frame Near-infrared with JWST Early CEERS Imaging

AU - Guo, Yuchen

AU - Jogee, Shardha

AU - Finkelstein, Steven L.

AU - Chen, Zilei

AU - Wise, Eden

AU - Bagley, Micaela B.

AU - Barro, Guillermo

AU - Wuyts, Stijn

AU - Kocevski, Dale D.

AU - Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S.

AU - Mcgrath, Elizabeth J.

AU - Ferguson, Henry C.

AU - Mobasher, Bahram

AU - Giavalisco, Mauro

AU - Lucas, Ray A.

AU - Zavala, Jorge A.

AU - Lotz, Jennifer M.

AU - Grogin, Norman A.

AU - Huertas-Company, Marc

AU - Vega-Ferrero, Jesús

AU - Hathi, Nimish P.

AU - Haro, Pablo Arrabal

AU - Dickinson, Mark

AU - Koekemoer, Anton M.

AU - Papovich, Casey

AU - Pirzkal, Nor

AU - Aaron yung, L. Y.

AU - Backhaus, Bren E.

AU - Bell, Eric F.

AU - Calabrò, Antonello

AU - Cleri, Nikko J.

AU - Coogan, Rosemary T.

AU - Cooper, M. C.

AU - Costantin, Luca

AU - Croton, Darren

AU - Davis, Kelcey

AU - Dekel, Avishai

AU - Franco, Maximilien

AU - Gardner, Jonathan P.

AU - Holwerda, Benne W.

AU - Hutchison, Taylor A.

AU - Pandya, Viraj

AU - Pérez-González, Pablo G.

AU - Ravindranath, Swara

AU - Rose, Caitlin

AU - Trump, Jonathan R.

AU - De la vega, Alexander

AU - Wang, Weichen

N1 - Funding Information: We thank the entire JWST team, including the engineers for making possible this wonderful overperforming telescope, the commissioning team for obtaining these early data, and the pipeline teams for their work over the years building and supporting the pipeline. Y.G. and S.J. acknowledge support from the Roland K. Blumberg Endowment in Astronomy and Heising-Simons Foundation grant 2017-0464. M.B.B. and S.L.F. acknowledge support from NASA through STScI ERS award JWST-ERS-1345. The authors acknowledge the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) at The University of Texas at Austin for providing HPC and visualization resources that have contributed to the research results reported within this paper (http://www.tacc.utexas.edu).

PY - 2023/3/1

Y1 - 2023/3/1

N2 - Stellar bars are key drivers of secular evolution in galaxies and can be effectively studied using rest-frame near-infrared (NIR) images, which trace the underlying stellar mass and are less impacted by dust and star formation than rest-frame UV or optical images. We leverage the power of JWST CEERS NIRCam images to present the first quantitative identification and characterization of stellar bars at z > 1 based on rest-frame NIR F444W images of high resolution (∼1.3 kpc at z ∼ 1-3). We identify stellar bars in these images using quantitative criteria based on ellipse fits. For this pilot study, we present six examples of robustly identified bars at z > 1 with spectroscopic redshifts, including the two highest-redshift bars at z ∼ 2.136 and 2.312 quantitatively identified and characterized to date. The stellar bars at z ∼ 1.1-2.3 presented in our study have projected semimajor axes of ∼2.9-4.3 kpc and projected ellipticities of ∼0.41-0.53 in the rest-frame NIR. The barred host galaxies have stellar masses ∼1 × 10 10 to 2 × 10 11 M ⊙ and star formation rates of ∼21-295 M ⊙ yr −1, and several have potential nearby companions. Our finding of bars at z ∼ 1.1-2.3 demonstrates the early onset of such instabilities and supports simulations where bars form early in massive dynamically cold disks. It also suggests that if these bars at lookback times of 8-11 Gyr survive out to present epochs, bar-driven secular processes may operate over a long time and have a significant impact on some galaxies by z ∼ 0.

AB - Stellar bars are key drivers of secular evolution in galaxies and can be effectively studied using rest-frame near-infrared (NIR) images, which trace the underlying stellar mass and are less impacted by dust and star formation than rest-frame UV or optical images. We leverage the power of JWST CEERS NIRCam images to present the first quantitative identification and characterization of stellar bars at z > 1 based on rest-frame NIR F444W images of high resolution (∼1.3 kpc at z ∼ 1-3). We identify stellar bars in these images using quantitative criteria based on ellipse fits. For this pilot study, we present six examples of robustly identified bars at z > 1 with spectroscopic redshifts, including the two highest-redshift bars at z ∼ 2.136 and 2.312 quantitatively identified and characterized to date. The stellar bars at z ∼ 1.1-2.3 presented in our study have projected semimajor axes of ∼2.9-4.3 kpc and projected ellipticities of ∼0.41-0.53 in the rest-frame NIR. The barred host galaxies have stellar masses ∼1 × 10 10 to 2 × 10 11 M ⊙ and star formation rates of ∼21-295 M ⊙ yr −1, and several have potential nearby companions. Our finding of bars at z ∼ 1.1-2.3 demonstrates the early onset of such instabilities and supports simulations where bars form early in massive dynamically cold disks. It also suggests that if these bars at lookback times of 8-11 Gyr survive out to present epochs, bar-driven secular processes may operate over a long time and have a significant impact on some galaxies by z ∼ 0.

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U2 - 10.3847/2041-8213/acacfb

DO - 10.3847/2041-8213/acacfb

M3 - Article

SN - 2041-8205

VL - 945

JO - The Astrophysical Journal Letters

JF - The Astrophysical Journal Letters

IS - 1

M1 - L10

ER -

First Look at z > 1 Bars in the Rest-frame Near-infrared with JWST Early CEERS Imaging

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