Factors shaping the employment outcomes of neurodivergent and neurotypical people: Exploring the role of flexible and homeworking practices

Supporting neurodivergent-inclusive workplaces is an increasingly important consideration in human resource management (HRM). While a strengths-based approach to neurodivergence has been advocated, empirical evidence regarding the effectiveness of HRM practices that support high-quality employment outcomes for neurodivergent people is lacking. Drawing on a nationally representative sample of over 25,000 people in the UK, we examine the influence of neurodivergence on multiple employment outcomes, including employment status, under-employment, employment precarity, job tenure, and hourly wages. We theorize and empirically examine how flexible- and homeworking practices moderate the effects of neurodivergence on employment outcomes. Our findings show that neurodivergent people are twice as likely to be in precarious employment and more than ten times as likely to be in temporary employment compared to neurotypical people. Neurodivergent individuals are also significantly more likely to experience underemployment and have lower employment tenure; however, controlling for other factors, we find no significant differences in hourly wages. We find that flexible working practices can substantially improve employment outcomes for neurodivergent people, raising significant questions regarding the role of HRM in enabling more neurodiverse workplaces. We critically reflect on the implications of our findings for policy, practice, and future research.